Physiology- Feedback Control: Vital Signs

Question 1

Pulse

Answer 1

HR (60-100bpm), rhythm, volume, character

Question 2

Resp rate

Answer 2

12-20breaths/min

Question 3

Cap refill

Answer 3

<2s

Question 4

Consciousness

Answer 4

Alert
Verbal
Pain
Unresponsive

Question 5

When is core body temp at its lowest?

Answer 5

In the early morning

Question 6

At which point does the female body temperature increase slightly?

Answer 6

luteal phase/ second phase of menstrual cycle/ after ovulation

Question 7

Source of heat gain from internal environment

Answer 7

metabolic heat

Question 8

Source of heat gain from external environment

Answer 8

radiation
convection
conduction

Question 9

Source of heat loss to external environment

Answer 9

convection
conduction
radiation
evaporation

Question 10

How does shivering increase body temp?

Answer 10

increases muscle activity-> increases metabolic heat production-> increases body temp

Question 11

BMR

Answer 11

min amount of energy required to sustain vital body temp

can be increased by hormones

Question 12

Where does approx. half of the body’s heat loss occur from?

Answer 12

radiation

Question 13

What is heat conduction dependent on?

Answer 13

temp gradient

thermal conductivity

Question 14

How does the body maintain its core temperature?

Answer 14

Negative feedback control

Question 15

What receptors control temperature?

Answer 15

Central and peripheral thermoreceptors

Question 16

where are central thermoreceptors found?

Answer 16

hypothalamus, abdominal organs

Question 17

where are peripheral thermoreceptors found?

Answer 17

skin

Question 18

temperature control centre

Answer 18

in hypothalamus

Question 19

which part of the brain is activated by cold?

Answer 19

posterior hypothalamic centre

Question 20

which part of the brain is activated by warmth?

Answer 20

anterior hypothalamic centre

Question 21

Skin arterioles response to cold exposure

Answer 21

vasoconstriction-> blood flow to the skin surface is reduced-> decreased heat loss

Question 22

Skeletal muscle response to cold exposure

Answer 22

shivering->increases muscle tone-> increased heat production

Question 23

What is released in response to infection/ inflammation in regards to fever?

Answer 23

chemicals from macrophages, which act as an endogenous pyrogen

Question 24

Endogenous pyrogens

Answer 24

stimulate the release of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus (eg. interleukins)

Question 25

Role of prostaglandins in a fever

Answer 25

act on hypothalamic thermo-regulatory centre to reset thermostat to a higher temp

mechanisms are then initiated to raise body temp to new set point

Question 26

Temp of fever

Answer 26

38-40 degrees

Question 27

Temp of hyperthermia

Answer 27

> 40 degrees

Question 28

Temp of hypothermia

Answer 28

35 degrees or below