physiology chapter 41 guyton

Question 1

presence of hb in rbcs allows the blood to transport as much oxygen as could be transported in the form of dissolved oxygen in the water of blood

Answer 1

30 to 100 times

Question 2

pressure of gaseous oxygen in alveolus averages

Answer 2

104 mm of hg

Question 3

pressure of oxygen in venous blood entering the pulmonary capillaries at its arterial end averages only

Answer 3

40 mm of hg

Question 4

initial pressure difference which causes the diffusion of oxygen from alveolus to pulmonary capillary

Answer 4

104-40= 64 mm of hg

Question 5

partial pressure of oxygen in pulmonary capillary blood rises rapidly to almost to that of alveolar air by the blood has moved

Answer 5

a THIRD of a distance through capillary

Question 6

during strenuous exercise a persons body may require as much as

Answer 6

20 times normal amount of oxygen

Question 7

due to great cardiac output during exercise the time for which blood remains in the blood capillary may be reduced to

Answer 7

one half normal

Question 8

diffusing capacity for O2 increases threefold during exercise due to

Answer 8

1) increased surface area of capillaries

2) ideal ventilation profusion ratio in upper part of lungs

Question 9

blood becomes fully saturated with o2 during non exercising condition when it passes through

Answer 9

one third of capillary. only little oxygen is added during next two thirds

Question 10

bronchial circulation

Answer 10

*2 percent of blood
*supplies maily the deep tissues of lungs
*not exposed to lung air
*called as SHUNT FLOW
*PO2 of shunt flow is 40 mm of hg
* causes the PO2 of blood to fall to 95 mm of hg fron
104 mm of hg

Question 11

po2 in peripheral capillaries

Answer 11

95 mmof hg

Question 12

interstitial PO2

Answer 12

40 mm of hg

Question 13

blood leaving the tissue capillaries and entering the systemic veins has PO2

Answer 13

40 mm of hg

Question 14

increasing the blood flow through a particular tissue

Answer 14

*increases the o2 transport between capillaries and tissues and hence increases the PO2 OF INTERSTITIAL FLUID

Question 15

400% increase in blood flow than normal through a particular tissue

Answer 15

increases the po2 in interstitial fluid from normal of 40 mm of hg to 66 mm of hg

Question 16

greater the metabolism of oxygen bt the cells

Answer 16

lesser will be the po2

Question 17

po2 is determined by

Answer 17

• transport of oxygen to tissues through blood

* the rate at which oxygen is used by cells

Question 18

the intracellulae PO2 is always less thn peripheral capillaries because

Answer 18

02 is continuously being used the cells

Question 19

intracellular po2 ranges from

Answer 19

minimum of 5mm of hg to maximum of 40 mm of hg

Question 20

average intracellular po2

Answer 20

23 mm of hg

Question 21

pressure normally required for full support of chemical processes that uses oxygen in the cells

Answer 21

1 to 3 mm of hg

Question 22

diffusion of co2

Answer 22

is 20x faster than the o2 and therefore less pressure difference is required for diffusion of co2

Question 23

intracellular Pco2

Answer 23

46 mm of hg

Question 24

interstitial Pco2

Answer 24

45 mm of hg

Question 25

pco2 of arterial blood entering the tissues

Answer 25

40 mm of hg

Question 26

pco2 of venous blood leaving the tissues

Answer 26

45 mm of hg

Question 27

pco2 of blood entering the pulmonary capillaries at its arterial end

Answer 27

45 mm o hg

Question 28

pco2 in alveoli

Answer 28

40 mm of hg

Question 29

pressure difference required to cause diffusion of co2 from pulmonary capillaries into alveoli is

Answer 29

5 mm of hg

Question 30

pco2 of pulmonary capillary blood falls to 40 mm of hg

Answer 30

after is has passed through ONE THIRD OF DISTANCE OF CAPILLARIES

Question 31

INCREASE IN TISSUE METABOLISM

Answer 31

INCREASES THE INTERSTIAL PCO2

Question 32

decrease in blood flow about one quarter

Answer 32

increases the pco2 from normal of 45 mm of hg to 60 mm of hg

Question 33

incresing blood flow six times

Answer 33

decreases pco2 from 45 mm of hg to 41 mm of hg nearly equal to alveolar pco2 of about 40 mm of hg

Question 34

10x increase in metabolic rate

Answer 34

increases pco2 considerably

Question 35

one quarter decrease in metabolic rate

Answer 35

decreases pco2 from 45 mm of hg to 41 mm of hg

Question 36

97 percent of oxygen is transported from lungs to tissues

Answer 36

in combination with hb

Question 37

3% of oxygen is transported

Answer 37

as dissolved in water of plasma of blood

Question 38

usual percent saturation of arterial blood

Answer 38

97% at 95 mm of hg

Question 39

usual percent saturation of hb in venous blood

Answer 39

75% at 40 mm of hg

Question 40

normal person contains about 15 grams of hb per 100 ml of blood if 1g hb combines with 1.34 ml of 02 how much oxygen is carried by 100 ml of blood

Answer 40

20.1 ml per 100 ml of blood (100% saturated)

also xpressed as 20 volumes percent

Question 41

the total quantity of o2 combined with normal systemic arterial blood

Answer 41

19.4 ml/100 ml of blood (97 % saturated at 95 mm of hg)

Question 42

the quantity of oxygen which remains bound to blood after it passes through tissue capillaries is

Answer 42

14.4 ml

Question 43

the quantity of oxygen transferred to tissues by each 100 ml of blood under normal conditions is

Answer 43

5ml

Question 44

during heavy exercise po2 in muscle cell interstitial fluid falls from 40 mm of hg to 15 mm of hg

Answer 44

only 4.4 ml of oxygens remains bound to hb under this pressure

Question 45

during exercise

Answer 45

15 ml of o2 is given to tissues by each 100 ml of blood