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MBChB YR2 Endocrine > Physiology: Biochemistry of Insulin > Flashcards

Physiology: Biochemistry of Insulin Flashcards

1
Q

Does insulin increase or decrease amino acid uptake in muscle?

A

Increase

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2
Q

Does insulin increase or decrease lipolysis?

A

Decrease

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3
Q

Describe the structure of proinsulin

A

Consists of an A chain, a B chain and a connecting peptide in the middle known as the C peptide

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4
Q

Does insulin increase or decrease lipogenesis?

A

Increase

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5
Q

Does insulin increase or decrease protein synthesis?

A

Increase

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6
Q

Does insulin increase or decrease glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue?

A

Increase

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7
Q

What is preproinsulin?

A

Larger single chain preprohormone which will become proinsulin and then mature insulin

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8
Q

Describe the structure of insulin

A

Consists of two polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds

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9
Q

How is mature insulin generated from proinsulin?

A

Within the endoplasmic reticulum, proinsulin is exposed to several specific endopeptidases which excise the C peptide, thereby generating the mature form of insulin

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10
Q

What is usually used in combination with insulin lipro?

A

Must be used in combination with longer-acting preparation for type I diatebes (unless used for continuous infusion)

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11
Q

Does insulin increase or decrease glucose uptake in muscle or adipose tissue?

A

Increase

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12
Q

What is insulin lipro?

A

Most rapidly acting insulin

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13
Q

Does insulin increase or decrease growth responses?

A

Increase

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14
Q

Name the molecule secreted alongside insulin when insulin is secreted into the blood

A

C peptide

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15
Q

How have synthetic insulin preparations which last varying amounts of time been generated?

A

By changing the amino acid sequence of endogenous insulin

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16
Q

When is insulin lipro administered?

A

Injected within 15 mins of beginning a meal

17
Q

Does insulin increase or decrease gluconeogenesis?

18
Q

How is proinsulin generated from preproninsulin?

A

The removal of preproinsulin’s signalling peptide during insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum generates proinsulin

19
Q

When is insulin glargine administered?

A

Single bedtime dose

20
Q

Does insulin increase or decrease DNA synthesis?

21
Q

What is the main function of insulin?

A

Decreases blood glucose concentration to regulate blood glucose levels

22
Q

Does insulin increase or decrease glycogen synthesis?

23
Q

What is insulin glargine?

A

Ultra long-acting insulin which produces peakless prolonged action

24
Q

What can C peptide be used to measure?

A

Endogenous insulin production

MBChB YR2 Endocrine (23 decks)

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