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MBChB YR2 Endocrine > Anatomy: Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland > Flashcards

Anatomy: Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerve innervates the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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2
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Retropharyngeal space

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3
Q

What is the name given to the narrow band which connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?

A

Isthmus

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4
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

External jugular vein

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5
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

On the posterior surfaces of the thyroid gland lateral lobes

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6
Q

What is the pyramidal lobe?

A

Variation in the structure of the thyroid that represents a persistent remnant of the thyroglossal duct

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7
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Right posterior triangle of the neck

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8
Q

C1 travels within which cranial nerve to reach the thyrohyoid?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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9
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Right anterior triangle of the neck

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10
Q

Name the proximal attachment of the sternal head of sternocleidomastoid

A

Manubrium of sternum

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11
Q

Which fascial compartment is coloured red?

A

Carotid sheath

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12
Q

Name the vertebral levels between which the thyroid gland is situated

A

C5-T1

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13
Q

Name the distal attachment of the carotid sheaths

A

Blend inferiorly with mediastinal fascia

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14
Q

Identify muscle A

A

Thyrohyoid

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15
Q

Which nerve supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

A

CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)

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16
Q

Which vein does the external jugular vein drain into?

A

Subclavian

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17
Q

Which fascial compartment is coloured purple?

A

Pretrachial fascia

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18
Q

What is indicated by the arrow?

A

Anterior jugular vein

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19
Q

What does lymph from the right lymphatic duct drain into?

A

Right venous angle

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20
Q

Injury to which nerve will result in paralysis of the vocal cords?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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21
Q

Describe the structure of the thyroid gland

A

Usually consists of two lateral lobes (right and left) and isthmus (narrow connecting band)

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22
Q

List the 4 strap muscles (superficial and deep) from medial to lateral

A

Superficial: sternohyoid is medial, omohyoid is lateral

Deep: sternothyroid is medial, thyrohyoid is lateral

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23
Q

What is the foramen caecum?

A

Point of origin in the tongue of the thyroid gland

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24
Q

Which structures lie anteriorly to the thyroid gland?

A

Sternothyroid, superior belly of the omohyoid and sternohyoid

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25
Where should the incision for a thyroidectomy be made?
Just superior to the clavicles and jugular notch
26
What causes lingual thyroid?
Failure of descent of the thyroid
27
Which group of muscles do the platysma muscles belong to?
Muscles of facial expression
28
What is indicated by the arrow?
Platysma muscles
29
List the contents of the pretracheal fascia of the neck
Oesophagus, trachea, thyroid gland, strap muscles, recurrent laryngeal nerves
30
What do the lobes of the thyroid gland attach to?
Lateral aspects of thyroid and costal cartilages, and to the trachea
31
Which nerves give parasympathetic supply to the thyroid?
Vagus nerves
32
Which structure does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve wrap around?
Subclavian artery
33
What does lymph from the thoracic duct drain into?
Left venous angle
34
Name the proximal attachment of the carotid sheaths
Base of skull
35
Which nerve supplies thyrohyoid?
C1
36
Where does the inferior thyroid artery arise from?
Thyrocervical trunk (a branch of the subclavian artery)
37
What is indicated by the arrow?
Sternocleidomastoid
38
Describe the embryological development of the thyroid gland
Begins development in the 4th week of embryogenesis as a midline proliferation of pharyngeal epithelium at junction between the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 Migrates inferiorly whilst remaining attached to the tongue via the thoracic duct to reach its final position in the 7th week of development
39
What would be the effects of biilateral injury to both recurrent laryngeal nerves?
Aphonia and inability to close rima glottidis to prevent aspiration, or to produce a good cough, which requires closure of rima glottidis
40
Which two arteries supply the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
Superior thyroid artery and inferior thyroid artery
41
What is the clinical term for enlargement of the thyroid gland?
Goitre
42
List the contents of the investing fascia of the neck
Encloses all other neck fascial compartments Contains trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
43
Which nerve supplies all of the strap muscles except thyrohyoid?
Ansa cervicali of cervical plexus (C1-C3)
44
Which fascial compartment is coloured green?
Investing fascia
45
Name the distal attachment of sternocleidomastoid
Mastoid process of temporal bone
46
Which structures lie laterally to the thyroid gland?
Carotid sheath
47
Why does a goitre move during deglutition?
Due to relationship with larynx and trachea, a lump in the gland or enlarged gland will move superiorly then inferiorly with the larynx during swallowing
48
At what week of development does the thyroid gland begin to form?
Week 4
49
Which lymph nodes drain the thyroid?
Paratracheal and deep cervical nodes
50
What causes retrosternal location of the thyroid in the mediastinum?
Excessive descent of the thyroid
51
List the contents of the carotid sheath
Deep cervical lymph nodes, vagus nerve, common carotid artery, internal jugular vein
52
Which nerves give sympathetic supply to the thyroid?
Superior, middle, and inferior ganglia of the sympathetic trunk
53
What is indicated by the arrow?
Trapezius
54
What would be the effects of unilateral injury to a recurrent laryngeal nerve?
'Hoarseness' or weakness of voice, and weak cough
55
By what week of development are primative thyroid follicles visable?
Week 12
56
Name the proximal attachment of the clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid
Medial end of clavicle
57
At what week of embryological development does the thyroid gland reach its final position?
Week 7
58
How many parathyroid glands are there?
4
59
What causes congenital hypothyroidism?
Failure of development of the thyroid gland
60
Which nerve supplies the platysma muscles?
CN VII (facial nerve)
61
Where does the superior thyroid artery arise from?
First branch of the external carotid artery
62
Identify muscle C
Sternohyoid
63
What is the normal weight of a thyroid gland?
~25g
64
Name the distal attachment of trapezius (superior part)
Spine of scapula and lateral end of clavicle
65
Which structure does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve wrap around?
Arch of aorta
66
Identify muscle D
Omohyoid
67
What causes thyroglossal duct cysts?
Failure of thyroglossal duct to regress
68
Which nerves can damaged in a thyroidectomy due to their close proximity to the thyroid?
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
69
Which vein does the inferior thyroid gland drain into?
Brachiocephalic vein
70
What is indicated by the arrow?
Laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage
71
Which structures lie medially to the thyroid gland?
Larynx, pharynx, trachea and oesophagus, external laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerves
72
Which vein do the superior and middle thyroid glands drain into?
Internal jugular veins (which then drain into brachiocephalic veins)
73
What is indicated by the arrows?
Sternocleidomastoid
74
Name the fascial layer which surrounds the thyroid gland
Pretracheal fascia
75
Identify muscle B
Sternothyroid
76
What is the significance of the retropharyngeal space with relevance to infection?
Pus that collects in the retropharyngeal space can travel down to the mediastinum
77
Which veins drain the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins, which form a venous plexus around the thyroid gland
78
Where are the platysma muscles located?
Immediately deep to the skin within the superficial fascia of the neck
79
List the contents of the prevertebral (deep) fascia of the neck
Postural neck muscles, cervical vertebrae
80
Where is the isthmus of the thyroid gland located?
Anterior to 2nd or 3rd cartilages of the trachea
81
Above which bony landmark is the trachea directly palpable?
Jugular notch
82
Where does a pyramidal lobe most commonly originate from?
Left lateral lobe
83
What is indicated by the arrow?
CN XI
84
Which nerve crosses the posterior triangle of the neck?
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
85
Which vein does the anterior jugular vein drain into?
External jugular
86
Which fascia is coloured orange?
Prevertebral (deep) fascia
87
Where does a pyramidal lobe attach superiorly to?
Most attach superiorly to the thyroid cartilage but may extend as far superiorly as the hyoid bone

MBChB YR2 Endocrine (23 decks)

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