Physiology - ANS Flashcards
What is physiology?
The study of life. The homeostasis of the body
Definition of tissues
Aggregate if cells
Definition of organ
Tissues coming together in a specific form
Define a functional unit
A cell being the most basic structure of life
Definition of organ system
Groups of organs with related functions
Define proliferation
An increase in the number of cells that results in cell growth and division.
Define hypertrophy
Increasing size of a cell
Mitosis
Cell division where DNA is duplicated to 2 daughter cells (asexual reproduction)
Meiosis
Cell division leads to gamete production of 4 daughter cells that receive only half the number of chromosomes (sexual reproduction)
What is the role of feedback in maintaining homeostasis?
To return the body back to its normal internal environment
Differentiate between negative and positive feedback regulation.
Negative feedback brings the body back to normal, while positive feedback stimulates a response.
What is the role of feedforward in regulating physiological variable?
To help the body anticipate a change. Like preparing for cold weather before your body temperature actually drops
What is the role of biological rhythms?
To help regulate the body for proper function. Like with blood glucose after you eat - the cells absorb more glucose to store for energy and bring the blood glucose back to normal value
What are the 4 types of basic cells?
Epithelial, muscle, neurons, connective tissues
What are characteristic functions of epithelial cells?
A continuous layer that lines the surface of organs for protection
What are characteristic functions of muscle cells?
They’re specialized for contraction
What are characteristic functions of connective tissue cells?
They provide structural support, exchange nutrients and waste between cells, immune response, and repairment after injuries
What are the characteristic functions of neurons?
Initiation and conduction of action potential
Describe components of the extracellular matrix?
Nonliving macromolecules in the ECM
Describe the functions of the extracellular matrix?
Distributes stress of movement and gravity while maintaining structure of tissues.
Provide physiochemical environment for body’s cells
Differentiate between health and wellness
Health is the state of complete physical, social, and mental wellbeing.
Wellness is how you actively achieve health.
Describe how physiological function varies across the lifespan?
It begins to increase before we are even born with growth and development.
It peaks around 25-30 years.
It them steadily declines with age.
How does movement impact physiologic function across the lifespan?
Utero: movement begins at 5-7 weeks
Kids and adolescents: movement helps bone and muscle growth, improve motor and cognitive functions.
Adults: prevent chronic disease, promote healthier aging, maintain good body composition
Describe the fight or flight response
Sympathetic nervous system activated by fear, stress, or exercise, resulting in a visceral response. This response promotes survival
Vasovagal Syncope
Drop in blood pressure which decreases blood flow to the brain, causing fainting
Signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia
Brought on by spinal cord injury at T5 or higher. 80-85% of cases brought on by full bladder. First sign is increased blood pressure. 2nd sign is decreased heart rate
