Physiology - ANS

Question 1

What is physiology?

Answer 1

The study of life. The homeostasis of the body

Question 2

Definition of tissues

Answer 2

Aggregate if cells

Question 3

Definition of organ

Answer 3

Tissues coming together in a specific form

Question 4

Define a functional unit

Answer 4

A cell being the most basic structure of life

Question 5

Definition of organ system

Answer 5

Groups of organs with related functions

Question 6

Define proliferation

Answer 6

An increase in the number of cells that results in cell growth and division.

Question 7

Define hypertrophy

Answer 7

Increasing size of a cell

Question 8

Mitosis

Answer 8

Cell division where DNA is duplicated to 2 daughter cells (asexual reproduction)

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

Cell division leads to gamete production of 4 daughter cells that receive only half the number of chromosomes (sexual reproduction)

Question 10

What is the role of feedback in maintaining homeostasis?

Answer 10

To return the body back to its normal internal environment

Question 11

Differentiate between negative and positive feedback regulation.

Answer 11

Negative feedback brings the body back to normal, while positive feedback stimulates a response.

Question 12

What is the role of feedforward in regulating physiological variable?

Answer 12

To help the body anticipate a change. Like preparing for cold weather before your body temperature actually drops

Question 13

What is the role of biological rhythms?

Answer 13

To help regulate the body for proper function. Like with blood glucose after you eat - the cells absorb more glucose to store for energy and bring the blood glucose back to normal value

Question 14

What are the 4 types of basic cells?

Answer 14

Epithelial, muscle, neurons, connective tissues

Question 15

What are characteristic functions of epithelial cells?

Answer 15

A continuous layer that lines the surface of organs for protection

Question 16

What are characteristic functions of muscle cells?

Answer 16

They’re specialized for contraction

Question 17

What are characteristic functions of connective tissue cells?

Answer 17

They provide structural support, exchange nutrients and waste between cells, immune response, and repairment after injuries

Question 18

What are the characteristic functions of neurons?

Answer 18

Initiation and conduction of action potential

Question 19

Describe components of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 19

Nonliving macromolecules in the ECM

Question 20

Describe the functions of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 20

Distributes stress of movement and gravity while maintaining structure of tissues.
Provide physiochemical environment for body’s cells

Question 21

Differentiate between health and wellness

Answer 21

Health is the state of complete physical, social, and mental wellbeing.
Wellness is how you actively achieve health.

Question 22

Describe how physiological function varies across the lifespan?

Answer 22

It begins to increase before we are even born with growth and development.
It peaks around 25-30 years.
It them steadily declines with age.

Question 23

How does movement impact physiologic function across the lifespan?

Answer 23

Utero: movement begins at 5-7 weeks
Kids and adolescents: movement helps bone and muscle growth, improve motor and cognitive functions.
Adults: prevent chronic disease, promote healthier aging, maintain good body composition

Question 24

Describe the fight or flight response

Answer 24

Sympathetic nervous system activated by fear, stress, or exercise, resulting in a visceral response. This response promotes survival

Question 25

Vasovagal Syncope

Answer 25

Drop in blood pressure which decreases blood flow to the brain, causing fainting

Question 26

Signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 26

Brought on by spinal cord injury at T5 or higher. 80-85% of cases brought on by full bladder. First sign is increased blood pressure. 2nd sign is decreased heart rate