Acute Care Equipment Flashcards
Pulse Oximetry
Assess O2 saturation- usually goes on finger
What percentage of O2 is room air?
21% O2
Nasal Cannula (NC)
Low flow O2 system, increases O2 concentration patient breathes in
FiO2 % with NC: 1 L/min through 6 L/min
1 L/min: 24%
2 L/min: 28%
3 L/min: 32%
4 L/min: 36%
5 L/min: 40%
6 L/min: 44%
High flow nasal cannula (HFNC)
Best for patients needing greater than 6 L/min NC. Highest O2% is 75% FiO2 at 15 L/min. This one is more comfortable than mask, can eat/drink/talk easier
Oxymizer
Specialized NC with O2 reservoir conserving O2. Uses 25-75% less O2. Good for at home use
FiO2% ranges with oxymizer: 1 L/min through 12 L/min
1 L/min: 28%
2 L/min: 32%
4 L/min: 41%
8 L/min: 64%
12 L/min: 82%
Face mask
Provides O2 concentration of about 35-55%. To determine FiO2 the patient is receiving, check the dial
Venturi system
O2 system providing more specific O2 concentration than other devices, easy for mobilizing patients. FiO2 from Venturi is 24-50%
Non-rebreather mask (partial NRB)
Mask with O2 reservoir (bag) providing higher FiO2 percentage. Used temporarily when patient is in acute distress. Must have greater than 6L to avoid inhaling CO2.
Tracheostomy tube
Provide an artificial airway in the trachea to aid in ventilation and secretion management
Passy muir speaking valve (PMSV)
One way speaking valve. Helps with communication, secretion management, improved swallow function
High humidity trach collar (HHTC)
O2 delivery system; provides humidity and warmth, supplemental O2 (FiO2 ranges from 21-100%)
Suctioning
AIDS in removal of secretions; tracheal and oral
Chest tube
Pleural vs mediastinal space to restore normal respiratory function
Electrocardiogram
Used to evaluate heart rate and rhythm
Pacemaker
Substitutes for the defective natural pacemaker of heart.
Differentiate Epicardial vs Endocardial pacemaker
Epi - placed once chest is open (surgery). Electrode’s screwed/sewn into the outside of the heart muscle
Endo - leads attached inside right atrium & ventricle via the subclavian or left cephalon vein
Automated implantable cardioverter - defibrillator
Shock the heart for certain life threatening arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia, paces the heart
Intra-aortic balloon pump
Use of a balloon attached to a catheter to help an impaired heart receive more O2.
Systole: balloon deflates decreasing the resistance to aortic blood flow, decrease after load and heart rate by 20%
Diastole: balloon inflates, pushing blood back to the heart to increase diastolic pressure by 30%
Impella
High speed pump that assists the LV in ejecting blood to the aorta
Unloads the left ventricle, decreases LV wall pressure, decreases myocardial oxygen demand
Has a blood flow similar to LVAD
Ventricular assist devices
For patients with end stage cardiac failure: used as a bridge to heart transplant
Circulatory assist of the left and/or right ventricle
IV Catheter
Access to give fluids and medications into the body
Arterial line
Continuous BP monitoring and used for frequent blood draws
Central catheter
Long term IV access where some meds require this type to avoid irritation to peripheral vasculature
Blood draws
Diagnostic use with CVP monitoring
Dialysis catheter
Remove toxic materials and maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance since kidneys impaired
PCA pump & epidural
Increased pain control
PCA - patient selected release of pain meds through IV with time lock out
Epidural - consistent transfusion of pain medicine to nerve root
Jackson Pratt/hemovac
Self contained suction system used to evacuate fluids from a wound
Negative pressure wound therapy
Removal of slough of the wound, provides a moist environment, increases circulation to the wound, reduces edema & bacteria of wound
Nasogastric tube
Emptying the stomach of gas/air & digestive fluids
For feeding patient
Dobhoff tube
Aides in feeding especially for those who cannot swallow or chew food but have a functioning GI tract
Tube inserted into the nose and ends either at the beginning of the intestines or in the stomach
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)/ jejunostomy tubes (PEJ)
Gastrostomy tube: give long term nutrition to patients with a swallowing impairment
Jejunostomy tube: give long term nutrition to patients with defective gastric emptying or post op backup when gastric “tone” is inadequate
Colostomy
Opening of some portion of colon onto abdominal surface (stoma) in order for stool to be eliminated out of the body and into collection pouch
Fecal containment devices
For inconsistent patients with liquid stool
Helps decrease skin breakdown and infection
Urinary catheter
Evacuation of urine. Measures urine output
Intracranial bolt
Measures intracranial pressure (normal ICP <15 mmHg)
External ventricular drain (EVD)
Drains cerebrospinal fluid, monitors ICP
Lumbar drain
Drains CSF to relieve pressure in the brain or spinal cord
Artificial airway
Ventilator connection to the patient’s airway (located 2-5 cm above carina)
Endotracheal tube
Provide access to patient’s airway in order to ventilate the patient either manually or via mechanical ventilator
Tracheostomy tube
Artificial airway in trachea aiding in breathing and protecting airway - patients needing prolonged ventilator support
AMBU bag
Manually resuscitation bag used to manually ventilate patients
End tidal CO2 monitoring
Monitors breathing rate and adequacy of ventilation (~35-45 mmHg normal value)
Optiflow
Supplemental oxygen and support - more comfortable for patient to eat, talk, drink
Non invasive ventilation (NIV)
Provide positive pressure ventilation non invasively via oro-nasal mask, nasal mask, or full face mask
Mechanical ventilator
Device for providing ventilation via an artificial airway
