Physiology and Pharmacology of the Stomach Flashcards
What is the volume capacity of the stomach?
50 > 1000ml
What nerve relaxes the stomach in order to accommodate food from the oesophagus?
The vagus nerve.
What is the stomach the starting point for?
Digestion of proteins (by pepsin and HCl)
The stomach is the starting point for the digestion of proteins. What else is continued to be digested in the stomach.
Carbohydrates (by salivary amylase) .
Why is the stomach usually described as 2 organs and not 1 organ?
As the distal part has different roles to the other parts.
What is the entrance into the stomach guarded by?
Entrance into the stomach is guarded by the lower oesophageal sphincter. This relaxes during swallowing to allow food to empty into the stomach but also prevents the reverse movement from body into oesophagus then the pharynx then the mouth.
What substance does the stomach mix food with?
When mixed with the substance, what is produced?
Gastric secretions to produce semi-liquid chyme.
What does the stomach do before passing it into small intestine as chyme for further digestion and absorption?
It stores food.
Approximately how many litres per day of gastric juice is secreted by the gastric glands in the gastric mucosa ?
approx. 2 litre/day
What is the fundus?
Where is it located?
What is its role?
The fundus is a thin smooth muscle layer in the stomach.
It is found next to oesophagus.
The fundus receives food but there is little mixing and little storage of food here.
What is the body?
Where is it located?
What is its role?
The body is a thin smooth muscle layer in the stomach.
It makes up the middle section of the stomach.
There is little mixing here and food is also stored here.
What is the Antrum?
Where is it located?
What is its role?
The antrum is a thicker smooth muscle layer.
Found next to duodenum.
Highly contractile: a lot of mixing here.
Physiologically the stomach can be divided into 2 parts;
Name these two parts.
- Orad
2. Caudad.
What does the orad stomach consist of?
Fundus and proximal body
What does the caudad stomach consist of?
The distal body and antrum