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gi physiology > Physiology - Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Physiology - Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

what causes the circular muscle in alimentary canal to contract

A

release of Ach and substance P from excitatory motor neurone

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2
Q

what causes the circular muscle in alimentary canal to contract relax

A

release of VIP and NO from inhibitory motoneuron

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3
Q

what causes the longitudinal muscle in alimentary canal to contract

A

release of Ach and substance P from excitatory motoneurons.

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4
Q

what causes the longitudinal muscle in alimentary canal to relax

A

release of VIP and NO from inhibitory motoneuron

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5
Q

what muscle are sphincters made of

A

smooth and skeletal

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6
Q

function of mouth and pharynx

A

chop and lubricate food
start carbohydrate digestion
delivers food to oesophagus

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7
Q

function of oesophagus

A

propels food to the stomach

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8
Q

function of stomach

A

stores and churns food
continues carbohydrate digestion
initiates protein digestion
regulators delivery of chyme to duodenum

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9
Q

function of small intestine

A

principle site of digestion and absorption of nutrients

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10
Q

function of large intestine

A

colon reabsorbs fluids and electrolytes

stores faecal matter before delivery to rectum

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11
Q

function of rectum, anal canal, anus

A

regulates expulsion of faeces.

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12
Q

accessory structures of alimentary canal

A

salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gall bladder

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13
Q

4 layers of GI tract

A

mucosa
submucosa
musculares externa
serosa

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14
Q

What is mucosa made of

A

mucous membrane, lamina propria, muscalris mucosa

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15
Q

what is submucosa made of

A

connective tissue, larger blood and lymph vessels, glands, sub mucous plexus

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16
Q

what is muscarlis externa made of

A

circular smooth muscle layer, myenteric plexus, longitudinal smooth muscle layer

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17
Q

serosa

A

connective tissue

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18
Q

4 major functions of alimentary Canal

A

motility, secretion, digestion, absorption

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19
Q

circular smooth muscle contraction

A

lumen becomes narrower and longer

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20
Q

longitudinal smooth muscle

A

intestine becomes shorter and fatter

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21
Q

muscularis mucosae contraction

A

change in absorptive and secretory area of mucosa

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22
Q

where are interstitial cells of Cajal found

A

between circular and longitudinal muscle layers

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23
Q

what is the parasympathetic supply to GI tract mediated by

A

Vagal and Pelvic nerves

24
Q

what part of GI tract do Vagal nerves innervate

A

oesophagus to and including ascending colon

25
Q

what part of GI tract do Pelvic nerves innervate

A

descending colon to anus

26
Q

excitatory influences of parasympathetic supply

A

increased gastric, pancreatic, small intestinal secretion.

increased blood flow

smooth muscle contraction

27
Q

inhibitory influences of parasympathetic supply

A

relaxation of some sphincter

receptive relaxation of stomach

28
Q

where do the pelvic nerves leave

A

S2-S4

29
Q

what are the pre vertebral ganglion

A

celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric.

30
Q

where do preganglionic fibres from sympathetic region send out axons from

A

thoraco-lumbar region

31
Q

excitatory influences of sympathetic division

A

increased sphincter tone

32
Q

inhibitory influences of sympathetic division

A

decreases motility, secretion, blood flow

33
Q

which plexus mainly regulates motility and sphincters

A

myenteric plexus (Auerbach’s)

34
Q

which plexus mainly modulates epithelial and blood vessels

A

sub mucous plexus (Meissner’s)

35
Q

what type of reflex is peristalsis

A

local reflex

36
Q

is a local reflex intrinsic or extrinsic

A

intrinsic

37
Q

is a short reflex extrinsic or intrinsic

A

extrinsic

38
Q

is a long reflex extrinsic or intrinsic

A

extrinsic

39
Q

which type of reflex is the intestine-intestinal inhibitory reflex

A

short reflex

40
Q

what type of reflex is the gastroileal reflex

A

long reflex

41
Q

what is the powerful sweeping contraction that forces faeces into the rectum known as

A

colonic mass movement

42
Q

what is the powerful sweeping contraction from stomach to terminal ileum known as

A

migrating motor complex

43
Q

what has low pressure tonic contractions

A

organs with a major storage function

44
Q

what has high pressure tonic contractions

A

sphincters

45
Q

what muscle is the UOS made of

A

skeletal

46
Q

which sphincter relaxes to allow swallowing

A

UOS

47
Q

which sphincter closes during inspiration

A

UOS

48
Q

which sphincter relaxes to permit entry of food to stomach

A

LOS

49
Q

which sphincter closes to prevent reflux of gastric contents to the oesophagus

A

LOS

50
Q

which sphincter regulates gastric emptying

A

Pyloric sphincter

51
Q

which sphincter usually prevents duodenal gastric reflex

A

Pyloric

52
Q

which sphincter regulates flow from ileum to caecum

A

ilocaceal valve

53
Q

what muscle is the internal anal sphincter

A

smooth

54
Q

what muscle is the external anal sphincter

A

skeletal

55
Q

which sphincter allows communication between bowl duct and upper part of duodenum

A

Sphincter of Oddi

gi physiology (2 decks)

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