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Bloc J - Human Behavior > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the elements of the affective loop of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. Lymbic system
  2. Ventral striatum
  3. Ventral Pallidum
  4. MDmc
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2
Q

What are the functions of the Septal area?

A
  • Pleasure
  • Euphoria
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3
Q

Will you see atrophy is there is a neuromuscular junction problem?

A

Non, because the muscle can still contract on its own sometimes

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4
Q

What are the functions of the Hypothalamus?

A

Operational component or output of the limbic system:

  • Heat
  • Feeding
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5
Q

What are the elements of the motor loop of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. Motor cortex
  2. Putamen
  3. GPI + SNr
  4. Vlo + VAmc
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6
Q

What are the Braak stages of Parkinson’s disease?

A
  1. Olfactory bulb and dorsal motor neurons
  2. Locus ceruleus
  3. Substancia nigra
  4. Cortex
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7
Q

What neurotransmitters are involved in depression?

A
  • Serotonine
  • Epinephrine/norepinephrine
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8
Q

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimune disease that causes a lack of receptor of wich neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine

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9
Q

What are the 4 pathways/loops of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. Motor
  2. Cognitive
  3. Visual/occulomotor
  4. Affective
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10
Q

What are the elements of the cognitive loop of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. Cognitive cortex areas
  2. Head of caudate
  3. GPi + SNr
  4. VApm + MDpc
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11
Q

What are the functions of the cerebral cortex in memory?

A
  • Long term memory: in the lobe associated to it
  • Working memory: prefrontal cortex
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12
Q

Parkinson’s Disease is a disease of wich neurotransmitter?

A

Dopamine (not enough in basal ganglia)

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13
Q

What are the types of cells in the nervous system?

A
  1. Neurons
  2. Astrocytes: regulation and support (metabolic role)
  3. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells: insulators
  4. Microglia: immune cells
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14
Q

What is a synucleinopathy?

A

Is a big category of neurodegenerative disease where you see deposits of Lewy Body – Alpha-synuclein

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15
Q

What neurotransmitters are involved in addiction disorders?

A
  1. Dopamine: activates the reward system/triggers
  2. GABA: indirect activation of reward system
  3. Glutamate: reinforcement, relapse, and drug seeking
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16
Q

Schizophrenia is a disease of wich neurotransmitter?

A

Dopamine (too much)

17
Q

Will there be sensory involvment if there is a AHC problem?

A

No, because it’s only motor neurons in the AHC

18
Q

What are the 3 different spinal tracts?

A
  1. Lateral Corticospinal Tract: motor
  2. Dorsal Columns: sensory of limbs
  3. Anterior Spinothalamic Tract: Pain, temperature, touch - synapse in dorsal horn
19
Q

What are the functions of the Hippocampus?

A
  • Learning
  • Short term memory
20
Q

What are the functions of basal ganglia and cerebellum in memory?

A

Non-declarative memory (procedural skills and motor programs)

21
Q

What neurotransmitters are involved in epilepsy?

A
  • Glutamate
  • GABA
22
Q

Will you see atrophy is there is a muscle problem?

A

Yes, because the muscle is never used

23
Q

What are the 2 pathways of dopamine in the basal ganglia?

A
  1. Substantia nigra
  2. Caudate: association cortex
  3. Putamen: motor area
  4. Ventral tegmental area (VTA)
  5. Ventral striatum: limbic area
24
Q

What are the functions of the Amygdala?

A
  • Fear
  • Anxiety
  • Add positive or negative value to a stimulus
  • Add emotional value to memory
  • Facial expression recognition; with bilateral damage recognize face but not emotion
  • Non-declarative memory
25
Q

What are the different types of memory?

A
  • Working memory is our ability to maintain and manipulate active representations of information (“what is in your head now”)
  • Short term memory: 30-60 seconds
  • Long term memory: everything else

Bloc J - Human Behavior (10 decks)

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