Anatomy Flashcards
Where does the CN II exist the cranial cavity?
Optic canal
What arteries supply the frontal lobe?
- ACA
- MCA
What is the function of CN VII (FACIAL)?
Facial movement and taste from anterior tongue (sensory, motor and parasympathetic)
What is the function of CN XII (HYPOGLOSSAL)?
Tongue movement (motor)
Sensory neglect and apraxia usually develop in wich hemisphere?
The nondominant one (usually right)
What is the function of CN V (TRIGEMINAL)?
Mastication and facial sensation (sensory and motor)
Where does the CN VII exist the cranial cavity?
Internal auditory canal
What are the meninges?
- The pia mater is thin, transparent, and really not visible on gross inspection
- Subarachnoid space
- The arachnoid mater is visible as a thin, semi-transparent covering
- Sudural space
- The dura is the much thicker, outer layer that has the consistency of leather
- Epidural space
What are the functions of the parietal lobe?
- Sensation
- Spacial relationships
- Vision
- Attention
What is the function of CN XI (ACCESSORY)?
Head turning and trapezius (motor)
What arteries supply the thalamus?
- ACA
- Posterior communicating artery
What artery supplies the occipital lobe?
PCA
Where does the CN I exist the cranial cavity?
Cribiform plate
What is the function of CN I (OLFACTORY)?
Smell (sensory)
What arteries supply the parietal lobe?
- ACA
- MCA
Following a stroke:
- Apraxia or aphasia
- Contralateral hemianesthesia and hemiplegia of face and arms
What artery is involved?
Middle cerebral artery
Where does the CN X exist the cranial cavity?
Jugular foramen
What is the function of CN X (VAGUS)?
Taste from supraglottic region, swallowing, soft palate elevation, talking and cough reflex (sensory, motor, sympathetic and parasympathetic)
What is the function of CN IV (TROCHLEAR)?
Eye movement (motor)
What is the function of CN III (OCULOMOTOR)?
Eye movement (motor and parasympathetic)
Where does the CN VI exist the cranial cavity?
Superior orbital fissure
What arteries supply the temporal lobe?
- ACA
- MCA
- Temper-occipital artery
Where does the CN XI exist the cranial cavity?
Jugular foramen
Where does the CN IV exist the cranial cavity?
Superior orbital fissure
What is the function of CN VI (ABDUCENS)?
Eye movement (motor)
What arteries supply the pons?
- Basilar artery
- AICA
What is the function of CN IX (GLOSSOOHARYNGEAL)?
Taste from posterior tongue, salivation and swallowing (sensory, motor and parasympathetic)
What is the function of CN VIII (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR)?
Hearing and balance (sensory)
What are the functions of the thalamus?
- Sensory relay station
- Emotion and memory
- Motor relay station
What are the functions of the frontal lobe?
- Mouvement
- Eye movement
- Social judgment
- Language production (Broca)
- Executive functions
Where in the brain is the vomiting center?
Medulla
What are the functions of the occipital lobe?
- Vision
- Visual recognition
Where does the CN IX exist the cranial cavity?
Jugular foramen
What lobes do the Central Sulcus (Rolandic fissure) separates?
Frontal and Parietal lobes
What lobe is affected if you have an contralateral neglect?
Parietal
Where is the area of language in the brain?
Most of the time in the left cerebral hemisphere
Which nerves pass in the Cavernous sinus?
- CN III
- CN IV
- CN V: V1 + V2
- CN VI
What lobes do the Lateral Sulcus (Sylvian Fissure) separates?
Frontal and Temporal
What important vessel travels in the cavernous sinus?
Internal carotid artery
What lobe is affected if you have an apraxia?
Parietal
Where does the CN XII exist the cranial cavity?
Hypoglossal canal
What arteries supply the medulla?
- Vertebral artery
- Anterior spinal artery
- PICA
What are the functions of basal ganglia?
Initiation of purposeful movement (mediator: DOPAMINE)
What is the function of CN II (OPTIC) ?
Sight (sensory)
Following a stroke
- Urinary incontinence
- Grasp reflex
- Contralateral hemianesthesia and hemiplegia
What artery is involved?
Anterior cerebral artery
Which CN exist the cranial cavity via the superior orbital fissure?
- CN III
- CN IV
- CN V1
- CN VI
What are the functions of the temporal lobe?
- Hearing
- Language comprehension (Wernicke)
- Memory (hippocampus)
- Emotion (limbic system)
What forms the basal ganglia?
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
- Globus pallidus
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Substancia Nigra
Where does the CN III exist the cranial cavity?
Superior orbital fissure
What is the pathway of CFS?
Choroid plexus
–> Intraventricular foramen of Monroe
–> Third ventricle
–> Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
–> Fourth ventricle
–> Foramenae of Megendi (midline) and Luschka (lateral)
–> Sub-arachnoid space
–> Arachnoid villi
–> Venous sinuses
What does the sub-arachnoid space contain?
- Major arteries of the brain
- Major veins before they drain into the dural venous sinuses
- CSF that has exited the 4th ventricle and will be absorbed into the dural venous sinus
What arteries supply the mibrain?
- PCA
- SCA
Where does the CN V exist the cranial cavity?
- Superior orbital fissure (V1)
- Foramen rotundum (V2)
- Foramen ovale (V3)
What happens when the inner and the outer layer of the Dura split?
- Falx cerebri (dura projection between cerebral hemispheres)
- Tentorium cerebelli (dura projection between cerebrum and cerebellum)
Where does the CN VIII exist the cranial cavity?
Internal auditory canal
