Physiology

Question 1

A mnemonic to help remember what shifts the curve to the right is: “CADET, face Right!”

Answer 1

Increase in CO2, Acid, 2,3-DPG, Exercise, and Temperature result in Right shift.

Cadets prefer to unload their guns (oxygen).

Question 2

Causes of low FRC are PANGOS:

Answer 2

Pregnancy, Ascites, Neonatal, General anesthesia, Obesity, Supine position.

Question 3

A mnemonic to remember what will cause a rightward shifts of the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve is RIGHT

Answer 3

Rise In 2,3-dpG, Hydrogen ion (acidosis), and Temperature.

Question 4

2 steps approach to ABG mnemonics?

Answer 4

ROME

Respiratory-> Opposite (pH and PaCO2)

Metabolic-> Equal (pH and HCO3)

Question 5

Factors that increase closing capacity are ACLS-SO:

Answer 5

Age, Chronic bronchitis, LV failure, Smoking, Surgery, Obesity.

Question 6

Myocyte Repolarization: Ionic Flow- > A mnemonic for this sequence is “Nine Koalas Cause Kookiness”

Answer 6

for Na (in), K (out), Ca, K (out)

Question 7

Cholinergic symptoms Mnemonic

Answer 7

The mnemonic SLUDGE-Mi can be used to remember cholinergic symptoms, such as those seen with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, organophosphate poisoning, and nerve agents. The opposite symptoms are therefore seen with the use of anticholinergic medications. SLUDGE-Mi: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, Emesis, Miosis. Saying the mnemonic as “Sludge Me” helps differentiate miosis and mydriasis.

Question 8

A mnemonic for factors increasing closing capacity is ACLS-S:

Answer 8

Age, Chronic bronchitis, LV failure, Smoking, Surgery.

Question 9

A mnemonic for factors that decrease FRC is PANGOS:

Answer 9

Pregnancy, Ascites, Neonate, General Anesthesia, Obesity, Supine position.

Question 10

Non ion gap metabolic acidosis

Answer 10

FUSED CARS

Fistula
Ureteroenterpstomy
Saline 
Endocrine (hyperparathyrodisim)
Diarrhea 

Carbonic Anhydrase (-)
Ammonium Cl
RTA
Spironolactone