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derm (mine) > physiology > Flashcards

physiology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what is a cream, what does it contain

A

semi-solid emulsion of oil in water

contains emulsifier and preservative

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2
Q

what is a ointment

A

semi-solid grease/oil containing no preservative

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3
Q

what is a lotion

A

suspension or solution of medication in water, alcohol, or other liquids

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4
Q

what is a gel

A

semi-solid containing high molecular weight polymers e.g. methylcellulose

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5
Q

what is a paste semisolids containing finely powdered material e.g. ZNO

A

semi-solids containing finely powdered material e.g. ZNO

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6
Q

when are pastes commonly used

A

in cooling and drying bandages

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7
Q

what is a foam

A

colloid with two to three phases, usually hydrophilic liquid in continuous phase with a foaming agent dispersed in gaseous phase

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8
Q

what is the use of emollients

A

enhance the rehydration of the epidermis

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9
Q

what is the epidermis

A

outer layer, 1.5mm thick

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10
Q

what is the epidermis made of

A

stratified cellular epidermis

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11
Q

what is the epidermis formed from

A

ectoderm

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12
Q

what are the 4 layers of the epidermis

A

keratin layer
granular layer
prickle cell layer
basal layer

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13
Q

what is the main cell found in the epidermis

A

95% = keratinocyte

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14
Q

what do keratinocytes contain

A

structural keratins

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15
Q

what is the function of the keratin layer

A

tight, waterproof barrier

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16
Q

what cell makes up the keratin layer, describe them

A

corneocytes

overlapping, non-nucleated cell remnants

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17
Q

Describe the granular layer

A

2-3 layers of flatter cells

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18
Q

what cells makes up the granular layer, what do they contain

A

keratohyalin granules which contains structural filaggrin and involucrin proteins

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19
Q

Describe the prickle cell layer

A

larger polyhedral cells with lots of desmosomes

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20
Q

describe the basal layer

A

one cell thick, small and cuboidal with lots of intermediate filaments (keratin)

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21
Q

what layer is the most metabolically active

A

prickle cell layer

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22
Q

in what day is skin formed. what is this known as

A

days 7-10

gastrulation

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23
Q

what are Blaschko’s lines

A

developmental growth pattern of skin not following vessels, nerves, or lymphatics

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24
Q

what other cells are found in the epidermis

A

melanocytes
langerhans cells
merkle cells

25
Q

what are melanocytes

A

pigment producing dendritic cells

26
Q

where are melanocytes formed

A

neural crest

27
Q

what do melanocytes contain, what role do these play

A

melanosomes

convert tyrosine to melanin pigment

28
Q

what is the role of melanin pigment

A

absorbs light

29
Q

what are the two types of melanin, what colour are they

A 
eumelanin = brown/black
phaeomelanin = red/yellow
30
Q

what layer of the epidermis are melanocytes found

A

basal

31
Q

what are ephilides, what causes them

A

freckles

patchy increase in melanin pigmentation which occurs after UV exposure

32
Q

what are actinic lentigines, what causes them

A

age spots/ liver spots

increase in melanin and basal melanocytes in response to UV exposure over many years

33
Q

what are langerhan cells

A

antigen presenting cells

34
Q

what layer of the epidermis are langerhan cells found

A

prickle cell layer

35
Q

what are langerhan cells formed from

A

bone marrow

36
Q

where else in the body are langerhan cells found

A

dermis

lymph nodes

37
Q

what are merkle cells

A

mechanoreceptor for touch

38
Q

where are merkle cells found

A

basal layer

39
Q

what is the dermo-epidermal junction

A

interface between the epidermis and dermis

40
Q

what is the role of the dermo-epidermal junction

A

adhesion, growth and differentiation of basal cells

41
Q

what is the dermis

A

“ground substance”

42
Q

what cells make up the dermis

A

mostly fibroblasts
immune cells
collagen and elastin fibres

43
Q

what immune cells are located in the dermis

A

macrophages
mast cells
lymphocytes
langerhan cells

44
Q

what else is located in the dermis

A 
blood vessels
muscles
nerves
lymphatics 
glands
45
Q

what is the dermis formed by

A

mesoderm

46
Q

what is photoaging

A

skin damage caused by prolonged sun exposure, specifically UVA and UVB.

47
Q

what types of nerves are found in the dermis, what do they sense

A

pacinian corpuscle = pressure

meissner’s corpuscle = vibration

48
Q

what are the 3 types of skin glands

A

sebaceous
eccrine
apocrine

49
Q

what does sebaceous glands produce

A

sebum

50
Q

what is the function of sebaceous glands

A

control moisture loss

protect from fungal infection

51
Q

what is the function eccrine glands

A

cooling via evaporation

moisten palms/soles for grip

52
Q

what are eccrine glands stimulated by

A

thermal
mental
gustatory

53
Q

where are apocrine glands located

A

armpit

perineum

54
Q

what controls apocrine glands

A

androgen dependant

55
Q

what do apocrine glands produce

A

oily fluid which gains a smell after bacterial decomposition

56
Q

what are langerhan cells characterised by

A

birbeck granule

57
Q

what is the function of keratinocytes

A

sense pathogens via cell surface receptors and mediate an immune response

58
Q

what immune response do keratinocytes mediate

A

produce antimicrobial peptides that can kill directly
produce cytokines
produce chemokines

derm (mine) (11 decks)

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