Physiology Flashcards
parietal pleural membrane
outer membrane of the lung that is against the inner surface of the thoracic cavity
visceral pleural membrane
membrane that covers the surface of each lung
pleural cavity
space between the parietal and visceral membranes
What is the order of branching in the respiratory tree from largest to smallest?
- trachea
- main bronchus
- lobar bronchus
- segmental bronchus
- conducting bronchiole
- terminal bronchiole
- respiratory bronchiole
- alveolar duct
- alveolar sac
- alveolus
Conducting zone vs. respiratory zone
conducting zone:
-trachea to terminal bronchiole
respiratory zone:
- respiratory bronchiole
- alveolar duct and sac
- alveolus
What functions are greatly decreased in the respiratory zone?
- smooth muscle
- ability to constrict passages
respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavity
mucous cells and mucus escalator
respiratory epithelium in the pharynx
stratified squamous for protection from abrasion and chemical attack
respiratory epithelium in the conducting portion of respiratory tract
typical respiratory mucosa
respiratory epithelium in the bronchioles
becomes cuboidal
respiratory epithelium in the gas exchange surfaces
delicate simple squamous epithelium
pneymocytes (3)
- Type I alveolar cells
- Type II alveolar cells
- Alveolar macrophages
type I alveolar cells
form the alveolar wall
type II alveolar cells
- secrete surfactant
- allows membranes to separate
- continuously released by exocytosis
- aqueous protein-containing hypophase and overlying phospholipid film composed primaryily of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
purpose of surfactant
lower surface tension
alveolar macrophages
phagocytize foreign material such as bacteria
pulmonary circulation of low oxygen blood
- returned from systemic circulation to RA
- RV to pulmonary artery
- to capillaries in lungs
pulmonary circulation of oxygenated blood
- from lungs to pulmonary veins to LA
- LV to aorta to systemic circ
atmospheric pressure at sea level
760 mmHg
intrapulmonary pressure
- where
- how does it change
- within alveoli
- changes w/ volumes
intrapleural pressure
- where
- relation w/ atmospheric pressure
- within pleural cavity
- about -4 from atmospheric pressure
What are the 3 factors that hold the lungs to the thorax?
- surface tension of pleural fluid
-holds membranes together - positive pressure in lungs
-always higher than
intrapleural
-net outward pressure - atmospheric pressure
-exterior force
-higher than subatm. P of intrapleural space
What are the 2 factors that pull lungs from thorax?
- recoil tendency
- elastic nature of lungs
- always seek smallest size - alveolar surface tension
- draws the alveolus in
- maintaining air in this space prevents collapses
- also fluid from type II cells
What is the most important factor in holding the lungs to the thorax?
negative pressure of the intraplueral space (positive pressure in lungs)