Physiology

Question 1

What is ATP

Answer 1

ATP is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the breakdown of nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins and fats to produce energy.
Food = Energy (ATP)

Question 2

What are the two major ways the body converts nutrients

Answer 2

Aerobic metabolism (with oxygen)
Anaerobic metabolism (without oxygen)

Question 3

How many energy systems are there

Answer 3

There is 3

• ATP-PC system
• Anarobic glycolysis
• aerobic

Question 4

What is the ATP-PC system

Answer 4

uses ATP and CP ( creatine phosphate) stores directly.

This pathway doesn’t require any oxygen to create ATP.

Question 5

When is the ATP-PC system used

Answer 5

in the first 10 seconds worth of energy. Used for short bursts of exercise such as a 100
meter sprint. Predominately used when exercise is maximal (high intensity, explosive)

Question 6

How does the ATP-PC system work

Answer 6

It first uses up any ATP stored in the muscle (about 2-3 seconds worth) and then it uses creatine phosphate (CP) to resynthesise ATP until the CP runs out (another 6-8 seconds).

Question 7

What is ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS

Answer 7

The anaerobic glycolysis energy system, creates ATP exclusively from glucose (Carbohydrates).
Doesn’t require oxygen (anarobic)

Question 8

what is the bi product of anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 8

Lactic acid is a by-product (waste product) of this system and will fatiguethe muscle. H+ ions within lactic acid increases muscle acidity which
inhibits muscle contraction; slowing us down.

Question 9

When is anarobic glycolysis used

Answer 9

Anaerobic glycolysis produces energy for short, high- intensity bursts of
activity lasting no more than several minutes before the lactic acid build-up
reaches a threshold known as the lactate threshold. The muscle pain, burning
and fatigue make it difficult to maintain such intensity.

Question 10

What is the aerobic system

Answer 10

Aerobic system fuels most of the energy needed for long
duration activity. It uses oxygen to convert nutrients to ATP. Relies on the circulatory system to transport oxygen to the
working muscles before it creates ATP.

Question 11

What are the Bi-Products of the Aerobic System

Answer 11

Waste products are carbon dioxide (which we breathe out)

and water. There are no fatiguing waste products.

Question 12

When is aerobic system used

Answer 12

Endurance events, less intense activities, that last long

periods of time.

Question 13

Where do we get ATP from

Answer 13

We get ATP from muscles. Muscles store 50-100grams which is used up within 1-2 seconds of exercise.

Question 14

Out of the 3 main food Fues, which is the most used and why?

Answer 14

carbohydrates are the preferred fuel source during exercise as it doesn’t require a lot of oxygen to rebuild

Question 15

Where are carbohydrates stored in the body

Answer 15

glucose in blood
glycogen in muscles
excess stored in the liver

Question 16

How are Carbohydrates measured.

Answer 16

measured on glycemic index
high gi foods are digested quickly (70 or more GI)
medium gi (56-69)
low are digested slowly ( 55 or less)

Question 17

When are fats used

Answer 17

Fats are the preferred fuel source during rest as well as prolonged sub maximal exercise (3+ hours)

Question 18

Why are fats not the preferred fuel during exercise

Answer 18

Fats are not the preferred fuel during exercise as oxygen is required and makes them less sufficient however fats produce more ATP

Question 19

Where are fats stored

Answer 19

Fats are stored in the triglycerides in the muscles
fatty acids in the blood
excess stored in the adipose tissue

Question 20

What are proteins main role

Answer 20

proteins main role in the body is growth and repairs of tissues. Protein is only used for long duration exercise such as ultra marathons

Question 21

Where are proteins stored

Answer 21

Amino acids in the muscles and blood

Excess protein stored as Adipose Tissue

Question 22

Do all 3 energy systems work at once

Answer 22

yes, All systems are in play all the time, however the
level of contribution changes depending on
INTENSITY and DURATION of the activity.
One energy system will be more predominant
over the other systems

Question 23

Why doesn’t the ATP-PC system have a very long input to physical activity?

Answer 23

Because there is a limited storage ATP and CP stores in the body.