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Endocrinology > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin and C-peptide are elevated in…. and ….

A

Insulinoma. Sulfonylurea use

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2
Q

Unlike…, ….. Does not cross placenta

A

Glucose, insulin

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3
Q

Brain utilizes….. for metabolism normally and …. during starvation

A

Glucose. Ketone bodies

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4
Q

RBCs always utilize glucose because they lack mitochondria for….

A

Aerobic metabolism

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5
Q

Insulin independent glucose transporters

A

GLUT-1: RBCs, brain, cornea
GLUT-2 (bidirectional): B islet cells, liver, kidney, small intestine
GLUT-3: brain
GLUT-5 ( fructose): spermatocytes, GI tract

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6
Q

BRICK L (insulin independent glucose uptake):

A

Brain, RBCs, Intestine, Cornea, Kidney, Liver

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7
Q

Insulin dependent glucose transporters

A

GLUT 4: adipose tissue, striated muscle (exercise can also increase GLUT-4 expression)

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8
Q

GH and B2 agonists cause …. of insulin

A

Elevation

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9
Q

Glucagon is inhibited by

A

Insulin, hyperglycemia and somatostatin

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10
Q

Dopamine antagonists (eg :antipsychotics) can cause galactorrhea due to …

A

Hyperprolactinemia

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11
Q

Analog of GHRH ( eg: tesamorelin) used to treat ….

A

HIV - associated lipodystrophy

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12
Q

Analog of somatostatin used to treat …

A

Acromegaly

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13
Q

Dopamine agonists (eg: bromocriptine) inhibit prolactin secretion and can be used in tratment of …

A

Prolactinoma

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14
Q

DopMin antagonists and … stimulate prolactin secretion

A

Estrogens (OCPs, pregnancy)

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15
Q

GnRH is regulated by

A

Prolactin

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16
Q

Tonic GnRH suppresses ….

A

HPA axis

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17
Q

Amenorrhea, osteoporosis, hypogonadism and galactorrhea are signs of

A

Pituitary prolactinoma

18
Q

Excess secretion of GH may cause acromegaly (adults) or …

A

Gigantism (children)

19
Q

Ghrelin stimulates hunger and … release.

A

GH

20
Q

Ghrelin is elevated in sleep loss and …

A

Prader Willi syndrome

21
Q

Satiety hormone:

A

Leptin

22
Q

….. decreases leptin production

A

Sleep deprivation

23
Q

…. increases desire for high fat foods

A

Endocannabinoids

24
Q

Desmopressin acetate ( ADH analog) is a treatment for …

A

Central Diabetes Insipidus

25
Q

Cortisol is BBIG:

A 
maintains Blood pressure
decreases Bone formation
Anti-inflammatory/ Immunosupressive
increasesInsulin resistance
increases Gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, proteolysis
26
Q

… induces prolonged secretion of cortisol

A

Chronic stress

27
Q

An excess of cortisol decreases the secretion of…

A

CRH, ACTH, cortisol

28
Q

Common causes of decrease of Mg 2+

A

Diarrhea, aminoglycosides, diuretics, alcohol abuse

29
Q

…. increases resorption of calcium and phosphate

A

PTH

30
Q

…. increases production of M-CSF and RANK-L in osteoblasts, stimulating osteoclasts

A

PTH

31
Q

PTH increases serum …, decresases serum …., increases urine….

A

Calcium
Phosphate
Phosphate

32
Q

Decrease free serum … Incrases PTH secretion

Decrease free serum … Decreases PTH secretion

A

Calcium

Magnesium

33
Q

Vitamin D deficiency causes … in kids and … in adults

A

Rickets

Osteomalacia

34
Q

24, 25-(OH)2 vitamin D is an … form of vitamin D

A

Inactive

35
Q

1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D feedback … its own production

A

Inhibits

36
Q

1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D increases absorption of both …

A

Calcium and phosphate

37
Q

Calcitonin tones down … levels

A

Calcium

38
Q

Calcitonin is produced by … cells of thyroid and has opposites actions of ….

A

Parafollicular

PTH

39
Q

Increases serum … causes calcitonin secretion

A

Calcium

40
Q

Adrenal hormones and vitamin D (VET CAP) have … receptor

A

Cytosolic

41
Q

T3 functions : 4 Bs

A

Brain maturation
Bone growth
Beta-adrenergic effects
BMR increase

42
Q 
Decrease TBG ( thyroxine-binding globulin ) in ...
Increase TBG in ... or ....
A

Hepatic failure

Pregnancy or OCP use

Endocrinology (4 decks)

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