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Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Franz Gall

A

phrenology

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2
Q

Pierre Flourens

A

early studies using extirpation (ablation)

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3
Q

William James

A

functionalism: styling how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment

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4
Q

John Dewey

A

Functionalism

Criticized the idea of a reflexive arc

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5
Q

Hermann von Helmholtz

A

measured speed of a nerve impulse

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6
Q

Sir Charles Sherrington

A

inferred the idea of a synapse

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7
Q

Lateral hypothalamus

A

LH = lacking hunger

hunger center, detects when your body needs food

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8
Q

aphagia

A

disruption of lateral hypothalamus causes one to not want to eat

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9
Q

vetromedial hypothalamus

A

VH = very hungry

satiety center, tells body when you’ve had enough to eat

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10
Q

hyperphagia

A

excessive eating

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11
Q

anterior hypothalamus

A

sexual behavior

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12
Q

extrapyramidal motor system

A

gather info about body position and sends info to brain

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13
Q

septum

A 
primary pleasure center
inhibits aggression (can result in septal rage if it is damaged)
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14
Q

James Olds & Peter Milner

A

discovered that rats will self-stimulate the septum

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15
Q

Hendrick Kluver & Paul Bucy

A

linked amygdala with defensive/aggressive behavior

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16
Q

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

A

bilateral removal of amygdala

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17
Q

association area

A

combines input from many brain regions (i.e. prefrontal cortex)

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18
Q

projection area

A

receive incoming sensory info or send out motor-impulse commands (i.e. visual cortex)

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19
Q

parietal lobe

A

somatosensory cortex

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20
Q

Hubel & Wiesel

A

physiology of visual perception

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21
Q

which lobe is the auditory cortex in?

A

temporal lobe

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22
Q

Sperry & Gazzaniga

A

studied epileptic patients and found that the ones who had severed corpus callosum did not have inter-hemispheric communication

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23
Q

resting position has a slight ____ charge

A

negative

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24
Q

graded potential

A

postsynaptic potentials in dendrites vary depending on intensity based on how much the receptor is stimulated

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25
Q

acetylcholine is associated with which disorder?

A

alzheimer’s

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26
Q

epinephrine (adrenaline) is associates with which behavior?

A

fight or flight response

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27
Q

acetylcholine is associated with which behavior?

A

voluntary muscle control

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28
Q

norepinephrine is associates with which behavior?

A

wakefulness and alertness

29
Q

norepinephrine is associates with which disorder?

A

depression and mania

30
Q

dopamine is associates with which disorder?

A

schizophrenia, parkinson’s

31
Q

dopamine is associates with which behavior?

A

smooth movements and steady posture

32
Q

serotonin is associates with which disorder?

A

depression and mania

33
Q

serotonin is associates with which behavior?

A

mood, sleep, eating, dreaming

34
Q

GABA is associates with which disorder?

A

anxiety

35
Q

GABA is associates with which behavior?

A

brain “stabilizer”

36
Q

benzodiazepine

A

sedative-hypnotic (depressant)

37
Q

barbiturates

A

sedative-hypnotic (depressant)

38
Q

korsakoff’s syndrome

A

due to alcohol, sedative-hypnotic (depressant), anterograde amnesia

39
Q

methylphenidate

A

ritalin, amphetamine, increases alertness and decreases motor activity

40
Q

thorazine

A

antipsychotic drugs for delusions and hallucinations

41
Q

chlorpromazine

A

antipsychotic drugs for delusions and hallucinations

42
Q

phenothiazine

A

antipsychotic drugs for delusions and hallucinations

43
Q

haloperidol (haldol)

A

antipsychotic drugs for delusions and hallucinations

44
Q

opium

A

narcotic

45
Q

heroin

A

narcotic

46
Q

morphine

A

narcotic

47
Q

master gland

A

pituitary

48
Q

two parts of pituitary gland

A

anterior and posterior

49
Q

anterior pituitary gland

A

master, releases hormones that regulate activities of endocrine glands
controlled by hypothalamus

50
Q

thyroid gland

A

metabolism, growth and development

51
Q

adrenal medulla

A

produces epinephrine/adrenaline which increases sugar output of liver
increases HR

52
Q

progesterone

A

prepares uterus for implantation of embryo

53
Q

gonadatrophin

A

produced and released by pituitary gland

activates production of sex hormones

54
Q

FSH

A

stimulates the growth of an ovarian follicle (protective sphere surrounding egg)

55
Q

LH

A

ovulation, releases an egg from one of the ovaries

56
Q

stereotaxic instrument

A

used to locate brain areas when elect roes are implanted to make lesions or stimulate nerve cell activity

57
Q

Wilder Penfield

A

mapped out different areas of the brain through electrical stimulation

58
Q

regional cerebral blood flow

A

detects broad patters of neural activity based on increased blood flow to different parts of the brain

59
Q

apraxia

A

impairment in organization of motor function

60
Q

reticular formation

A

brain stem, keeps cortex awake and altert

61
Q

sleep stage 1 type of wave & description

A

theta
sleep spindles
k complex

62
Q

sleep stage 2 type of wave

A

theta

63
Q

sleep stage 3 type of wave & description

A

delta

slower waves

64
Q

sleep stage 4 type of wave & description

A

delta
slowest waves
steep sleep spindles

65
Q

awake type of wave & description

A

awake and alert: beta
fast reg activity

awake and relaxed: alpha
slow eeg activity

66
Q

james-lange

A

physiological reaction –> emotion

67
Q

connon-bard

A

emotions –> physiology/behavior

68
Q

schacter-singer

A

two factor theory of emotion

experience of emotion is based on interaction between changes in physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation

Psychology (6 decks)

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