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Psychology > Personality and Abnormal > Flashcards

Personality and Abnormal Flashcards

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1
Q

William Sheldon

A

Categorized people by body type somatotype

(1) endomorphy: soft, spherical
(2) mesomorphy: hard, muscular
(3) ectomorphy: thin, fragile

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2
Q

Edward Titchener’s method of introspection

A

Structuralism

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3
Q

Freud

A

First theory of personality and abnormal psychology

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4
Q

Ego

A

Reality principle

Inhibits activity of pleasure principle id

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5
Q

Superego

A

Strives for the ideal
Conscience: what is punished is added to conscience
Ego ideal: what is rewarded is added to ego ideal

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6
Q

Eros and Thanatos

A

Life and Death instincts

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7
Q

Libido

A

Form of energy by which the life instinct perform their work

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8
Q

characteristics of defense mechanisms

A

(1) deny or distort reality

(2) operate unconsciously

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9
Q

8 defense mechanisms

A

repression- unconscious forgetting
suppression- conscious forgetting
projection- project bad urges onto others
reaction formation- repressed wish is warded off by an opposite wish/action
rationalization-develop socially acceptable reason for bad thoughts/behavior
regression- revert to earlier stage
sublimation- transform bad thoughts into good ones
displacement- take out your anger on someone who is not causing the distress

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10
Q

Carl Jung

A

Collective unconscious

  • persona: adopted in response to the demands of social convention
  • anima (fem) animus (mas): helps us understand gender, feminine behaviors and men
  • shadow: animal instincts that humans inherited
  • self: strive for unity
  • extroversion and introversion
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11
Q

archetype

A

a thought or image that has an emotional element

Jung

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12
Q

Alfred Adler

A
  • Inferiority complex
  • fictional finalism: one is motivated more by his expectations of future and by past experiences
  • Creative self: how person is unique
  • Style of life: unique way of achieving superiority
  • Striving towards superiority drives personality
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13
Q

Karen Horney

A

neurotic personality is based on ten needs

  • need for affection and approval, need to exploit others, need for self-sufficiency and independence
  • they are disproportionate in intensity, indiscriminate in application, disregard reality, provoke intense anxiety
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14
Q

Anna Freud

A

Founder of ego psychology

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15
Q

Erik Erickson

A

Ego psychology

Psychoanalysis and psychosocial

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16
Q

Objectification’s theory

A

Object refers to the symbolic representation of a significant part of the child’s personality
-Klein, Winnicott, Mahler, Kernberg

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17
Q

Psychoanalysis techniques

A
  • hypnosis
  • free association
  • dream interpretation
  • resistance: inability to relate to certain thoughts
  • transference
  • countertransference
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18
Q

neo-freudian approaches

A

Focus on current interpersonal relationships rather than childhood experience and psychosocial development

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19
Q

Behaviorist theory of personality

A

behavior is learned through experience within environment

John Dollard, Neil Miller

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20
Q

Social learning theory

A

Bandura
Modeling observed behavior
vicarious reinforcement

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21
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

Martin Seligman

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22
Q

Symptom substitution

A

Unless you treat the source, new sentence will develop to replace the old one (psychoanalysis)

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23
Q

Kurt Lewin’s field theory

A

Influenced by Gestalt psychology

Personality as dynamic and constantly changing

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24
Q

George Kelly

A

Suggested the individual as a scientist

-The person who devices and test predictions about the behavior of significant people in his life

25
Q

Victor Frankl

A

mental illness stems from a life of meaninglessness

26
Q

Type theorist

A

Characterize people according to specific types of personality

27
Q

Traits theorists

A

Understand fundamental dimensions of personality

28
Q

Type A personality

A

Competitive compulsive

29
Q

Type B personality

A

Laid back and relaxed

30
Q

Raymond Cattell

A

Trait theorist

  • factor analysis to measure personality
  • 16 Basic traits
31
Q

Eysenck

A

Broad types that are followed by specific traits

  • tested extroversion and introversion
  • introversion extroversion
  • stability neuroticism
  • psychoticism
32
Q

Gordon Allport

A

trait theorist
Cardinal trait: organized life around these
Central trait: characteristics that are easy to infer like honesty
Secondary traits: personal characteristics that are limited in occurrence
-functional autonomy: behavior that may become an end goal in itself (goal of hunting is to eat. May continue to hunt after there is enough food)

33
Q

Idiographic approach to personality

A

Focus on individual case studies

34
Q

Nomothetic approach to personality

A

Focus on groups of individuals to find commonalities

35
Q

David McClelland

A

Need for achievement

  • avoid risk
  • set realistic goals
36
Q

Herman Witkin

A

field-dependence

37
Q

Julian Rotter

A

Internal and external locus of control

38
Q

Machiavellian

A

manipulative and deceitful

39
Q

Sandra Bem

A

masculinity and femininity are two different dimensions

40
Q

DSM Axis I

A

clinical disorders except personality disorders and mental retardation

41
Q

DSM Axis II

A

personality disorders and mental retardation

42
Q

DSM Axis III

A

Medical conditions

43
Q

DSM Axis IV

A

Environmental stressor

44
Q

DSM Axis V

A

Global assessment of functioning

45
Q

prodromal phase

A

Deterioration, social withdrawal, odd behavior, inappropriate affect, before symptomatic behavior

46
Q

process schizophrenia

A

Slow development

47
Q

reactive schizophrenia

A

Intense and sudden

Better prognosis

48
Q

Five subtypes of schizophrenia

A
  • catatonic
  • paranoid
  • disorganized (inappropriate behavior/speech)
  • undifferentiated
  • residual (there was an episode but now no symptoms present)
49
Q

Double bind hypothesis of schizophrenia

A

due to contradictory messages from primary caregiver cause anxiety

50
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Two week period of persistent depressed mood

mood disorder

51
Q

Bipolar I disorder

A

Manic episodes

52
Q

Bipolar II disorder

A

Hypomania: does not compare functioning

53
Q

Dysthymic and cyclothymic disorders

A

Similar but less severe than bipolar or major depressive disorder

54
Q

Depersonalization disorder

A

Person feel detached, like an outside observer of his mental processes or behavior
-maintains sense of reality

55
Q

Types of personality disorders

A
  • schizoid
  • narcissistic
  • borderline
  • antisocial
56
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A
  • Detached from social relationships

- restricted range of emotion

57
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

-instability and interpersonal behavior, mood, self-image

58
Q

David Rosenham

A

people judge normal behaviors to be abnormal if they know that the person has a mental illness

59
Q

Thomas Szasz

A

people are not mentally ill, they just deviate from the “norm”

Psychology (6 decks)

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