physiology 2 Flashcards
What are the functions of bones?
Support for soft tissues, protection of internal organs, movement, mineral reserve (calcium and phosphorus), formation of blood cells (red bone marrow), energy reserve (yellow bone marrow is rich in fat cells).
Anatomical classification of the bone
long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones
Central part of the bone
Diaphysis
Are the ends of long bones
Epiphyses
REgion between the diaphysis and epiphyses of long bones (in the adult bone). In a bone still gorwing, this area is called epiphyseal plates (growth plates).
Metaphyses
Is a layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyses
Articular cartilage
A layer of tissue enveloping the surface of the bone that is not covered with articular cartilage.
Periosteum
A cavity that is located inside the diaphysis and contains fatty yellow bone marrow (adults).
Medullary cavity
a layer of tissue covering the inner surface of the diaphysis
Endosteum
Stem cells. Responsile for multiplying and forming bone cells. (The three types of cells of bone tissues.)
Osteogenic cells
young bone producing cells. they generate and secrete the collagen fibers necessary for the production of the bone matrix
Osteoblast
responsible for destroying the bone through “bone resorption” which plays an important role in the mechanisms of growth, repair and renewal of bone tissue.
Osteoclasts
mature osteoblast cells that allow the exchange of gas, nutrients, and metabolic waste
Osteocytes
Hormones that control resorption and calcification of bone tissue
Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
tube-like passageway in bone
Meatus
round or oval opening through a bone
Foramen
Bump or rough spot on a bone, generally anchoring site for tendons and ligaments
Process
description: Inflammation of the membrane of connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis of long bones. Caused by repetitive compression and traction of muscles on the periosteum. (on tibia). symptoms: extreme pain to the touch and movement
Periostitis (periostitis tibial/shin splints).
Massage procedure in case of periostitis
apply techniques in the proximal affected area in the acute phase. The main objective is to decongest and relax the tissues, promote drainage of inflammatory tissue to help reduce the perception of pain. In post acute or chronic phase, techniques are performed proximally then locally and eventually distally.
Description: Exaggeration of the curvature of the spine at the thoracic level. Symptoms: Tension and muscles pain in the rhomboid and pectoral regions. Can be congenital or postural.
Hyperkyphosis
Massage technique for hyperkyphosis
This represents a conditional counter-indication to massage. Massage the pectorals and mobilize shoulder joints to increase flexibility.
