physiology 2

Question 1

What are the functions of bones?

Answer 1

Support for soft tissues, protection of internal organs, movement, mineral reserve (calcium and phosphorus), formation of blood cells (red bone marrow), energy reserve (yellow bone marrow is rich in fat cells).

Question 2

Anatomical classification of the bone

Answer 2

long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones

Question 3

Central part of the bone

Answer 3

Diaphysis

Question 4

Are the ends of long bones

Answer 4

Epiphyses

Question 5

REgion between the diaphysis and epiphyses of long bones (in the adult bone). In a bone still gorwing, this area is called epiphyseal plates (growth plates).

Answer 5

Metaphyses

Question 6

Is a layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyses

Answer 6

Articular cartilage

Question 7

A layer of tissue enveloping the surface of the bone that is not covered with articular cartilage.

Answer 7

Periosteum

Question 8

A cavity that is located inside the diaphysis and contains fatty yellow bone marrow (adults).

Answer 8

Medullary cavity

Question 9

a layer of tissue covering the inner surface of the diaphysis

Answer 9

Endosteum

Question 10

Stem cells. Responsile for multiplying and forming bone cells. (The three types of cells of bone tissues.)

Answer 10

Osteogenic cells

Question 11

young bone producing cells. they generate and secrete the collagen fibers necessary for the production of the bone matrix

Answer 11

Osteoblast

Question 12

responsible for destroying the bone through “bone resorption” which plays an important role in the mechanisms of growth, repair and renewal of bone tissue.

Answer 12

Osteoclasts

Question 13

mature osteoblast cells that allow the exchange of gas, nutrients, and metabolic waste

Answer 13

Osteocytes

Question 14

Hormones that control resorption and calcification of bone tissue

Answer 14

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

Question 15

tube-like passageway in bone

Answer 15

Meatus

Question 16

round or oval opening through a bone

Answer 16

Foramen

Question 17

Bump or rough spot on a bone, generally anchoring site for tendons and ligaments

Answer 17

Process

Question 18

description: Inflammation of the membrane of connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis of long bones. Caused by repetitive compression and traction of muscles on the periosteum. (on tibia). symptoms: extreme pain to the touch and movement

Answer 18

Periostitis (periostitis tibial/shin splints).

Question 19

Massage procedure in case of periostitis

Answer 19

apply techniques in the proximal affected area in the acute phase. The main objective is to decongest and relax the tissues, promote drainage of inflammatory tissue to help reduce the perception of pain. In post acute or chronic phase, techniques are performed proximally then locally and eventually distally.

Question 20

Description: Exaggeration of the curvature of the spine at the thoracic level. Symptoms: Tension and muscles pain in the rhomboid and pectoral regions. Can be congenital or postural.

Answer 20

Hyperkyphosis

Question 21

Massage technique for hyperkyphosis

Answer 21

This represents a conditional counter-indication to massage. Massage the pectorals and mobilize shoulder joints to increase flexibility.