physiology 1 Flashcards
The skin and it’s appendages. Barrier to external environment.
Integumentary System
Constriction of cells to conserve heat or sweating to release heat.
Responsiveness
Cells are assigned a structure and a function. (Those not yet assigned are called stem cells.)
Differentiation
Ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite the ongoing changes in the surroundings. (dynamic equilibrium)
Homeostasis
Detects change in internal environment or surface of body, analyzes changes, then dictates to organs and cells how to modify their metabolic activity in order to find optimal homeostasis.
Nervous system
Detects changes only in internal environment of body or responds to electrical impulses. Regulates homeostasis by modifying secretion of hormones.
Endocrine system
A defence mechanism that prevents the spread of toxic agents and initiates the repair process.
Inflammation
Toward the head or the upper part of a structure
Superior
away from the head or the lower part of a structure
Inferior
closer to or at the front of the body
Anterior
closer to or at the back of the body
Posterior
an imaginary line that divides the body into right and left halves
Midline
closer to the midline
Medial
opposed to the midline
Lateral
closer to the attachment of a lib to the trunk; closer to the point of origin
Proximal
farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the point of origin
Distal
toward or on the surface of the body
Superficial
from the surface of the body
Deep
divides the body into right an left segments
Sagittal plane
divides the body inot an anterior and posterior segment
Frontal plane
divides the body into upper and lower segments
Transverse plane
to help improve the return of fluids of the body in the same direction as the venous blood flow, towards the heart
The goal of Swedish massage
Any discomforts, conditions of diseases that can benefit from a massage
Indications
any discomforts, diseases or conditions which could worsen as a result of a massage- where a massage is not recommended at all.
Absolute contraindication
where massage is recommended as long as the choice of techniques is adapted accordingly
conditional contraindication
smallest living unit of an organism, capable of breathing, feeding itself, responding to environmental changes regenerating itself, and reproducing itself.
The cell
cellular organelle that houses the genetic material
nucleus
chemical energy produced in a cell
ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate)
Responsible for producing ATP necessary for maintaining the activity of the cell
Mitochondria
70% of tissue in the body
Connective tissue
Covers body sufaces, lines body cavities, hollow organs and ducts. It also forms glands. Is avascular and innervated.
Epithelial tissue (structure)
Protects body surface and hollow organs, senses (hot, cold, touch, pressure, pain), excretes some metabolic waste, absorbes nutients in the gut, filters the blood through the kidneys.
Epithelial tissue (functions)
Most widespread in the human body. Connects, supports and strengthens other tissues, protects internal organs and stores energy reserves as fat reserves. Diverse appearance (bone, cartilage, tendon, fascia, blood, adipose tissue)
Connective tissue (structure)
Binds, supports and strengthens other tissues and organs. Protects and insulates the structures forming the skeletal muscles. constitues the major transport system within the body. Major site of stored energy reserves.
Connective tissue (function)
Set of connective tissues surrounding the organs and structure of the body. Also located in muscles, nerves, on the surface or deeper. Adhesions can cause compression of nerves, muscles and blood vessels and limit range of motion.
Fascia
Which connective tissues are avascularized?
cartilage
Which connective tissues are semi-vascular?
tendons and ligaments
Which connective tissue is not innervated?
cartilage
which connective tissue is very richly innervated?
tendons and ligaments
