Physiology Flashcards
what is the largest source of fluid entering the body
the intake of water-containing foods and beverages
a smaller contribution to the source of fluid entering the body is metabolism - explain
dehydration reactions, ETC
Water is lost how?
exhalation, skin, perspiration, urinary loss, fecal loss
a normal healthy individual’s body fluid balance is primarily achieved by
urine production
how do the lungs help control body fluid volume and body fluid composition
bring in oxygen and eliminate CO2
how does the GI tract help control body fluid volume and body fluid composition
brings in nutrients like water, sugar, protein, fats, and salts
how does the heart/circulation help control body fluid volume and body fluid composition
propels the blood around the body as a means of exchanging wastes and nutrients with the cells of the body
how do the kidneys help control body fluid volume and body fluid composition
eliminate various wastes and control the amount of water and salts
what is the actual fluid that surrounds each cell is not the blood itself but
interstitial fluid
the interstitial fluid is inside or outside the blood vessels
outside
what does interstitial fluid primarily contain
sodium chloride
“Average male” is what
70kg or 154 pounds
approximately what % of body weight is comprised of water in adults
50-70%
what is the 60-40-20 rule for the average male
60% total body weight is water
40% total body weight is intracellular
20% total body weight is extracellular
most of the tissues in the body contain approximately what percentage of water content by weight
70-80%
what percentage of water content are the skeletal bones
22%
what percentage of water content is adipose tissue
10%
under normal conditions, the intake and output should be balanced around
2.5 liters a day
of the outputs, what is the primary site of regulation
the kidneys (urine is about 1500mL a day)
large volume of urine = what concentration
low concentration (clear)
small volume of urine = what concentration
high concentration (dark)
what is the intracellular space
the fluid within the cells of the body
what is the boundary for intracellular space
plasma membrane
what is the interstitial space
the fluid that bathes the cells of the body (part of the extraceullar)
what is the boundary for interstitial space
utilizes all the other boundaries (sandwiched in-between)
what is the plasma
the fluid within the blood vessels
what is the boundary for the plasma
endothelial cells
what its the transcellular spaces
the fluid within specialized fluid spaces of the body, such as the CSF, pleural, synovial, and peritoneal fluids
this is VERY retractable, tightly controlled
what is the boundary for the transcellular spaces
epithelial cells
why can we see similarities with the plasma and interstitial fluid
the endothelial clefts have low restrictiveness
can RBCs pass through the endothelial cell clefts? will the plasma membrane have intact channels/carriers?
No, No
can large MW proteins pass through the endothelial cell clefts? will the plasma membrane have intact channels/carriers?
No, No
can water pass through the endothelial cell clefts? will the plasma membrane have intact channels/carriers?
Yes, Yes
can glucose pass through the endothelial cell clefts? will the plasma membrane have intact channels/carriers?
Yes, Yes
can oxygen pass through the endothelial cell clefts? will the plasma membrane have intact channels/carriers?
Yes, Yes
can WBCs pass through the endothelial cell clefts? will the plasma membrane have intact channels/carriers?
Yes, No
can Sodium pass through the endothelial cell clefts? will the plasma membrane have intact channels/carriers?
Yes, Yes
Explain how WBCs passing through endothelial cell clefts can be both a yes or no
WBCs shouldn’t be leaving under normal healthy conditions but they are capable
ex: infection
what is a 0 for the reflection coefficient
barrier is freely permeable to the solute
what is a 1 for the reflection coefficient
barrier is impermeable to solute