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Biology YEAR 8 > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Difference between breathing and respiration

A

Breathing:
-not a life process
-physical
-glucose not needed
-happens in respiratory system

Respiration:
-a life process
-chemical
-glucose
-happens inside cells

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2
Q

What is the process when breathing in?

A

Intercostal muscles: contract
Ribs move : up
Diaphragm muscles : contract
Diaphragm : lowers
Volume of chest : increases
Pressure in the chest : decreases
Air pressure in the lungs is __ than the atmospheric pressure: lower
Air rushes __ of the lungs: in

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3
Q

What is the process when breathing out?

A

Intercostal muscles: relax
Ribs move : down
Diaphragm muscles : relax
Diaphragm : raises
Volume of chest : decreases
Pressure in the chest :increases
Air pressure in the lungs is __ than the atmospheric pressure: greater
Air rushes __ of the lungs: out

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4
Q

What is the composition of inhaled air?

A

Oxygen - 21%
Carbon dioxide - 0.04%
Nitrogen - 78%

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5
Q

What is the composition of exhaled air?

A

Oxygen - 16%
Carbon dioxide - 4%
Nitrogen - 78%

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6
Q

Word equation for respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

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7
Q

What does blood consist of?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

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8
Q

What does plasma contain?

A

Dissolved substances

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9
Q

Adaptations of the red blood cell to carry oxygen

A

No nucleus, bioconcave and haemoglobin

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10
Q

Function of white blood cells

A

Protect from pathogens

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11
Q

Functions of platelets

A

To help our blood clot

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12
Q

What does cardiac output mean?

A

Volume of blood pumped in a minute

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13
Q

What does stroke volume mean?

A

Volume of blood pumped each heartbeat

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14
Q

What does heart rate mean?

A

Number of heartbeats in a minute

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15
Q

What is the equation that connects cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate?

A

CO = SV * HR

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16
Q

What are the four functions of the skeleton?

A

Shape, move, protect and blood cells

17
Q

How do antagonistic muscles work?

A

In an antagonistic muscle pair as one muscle contracts (shorter and thicker) the other muscle relaxes (lengthens)

18
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose —> lactic acid + energy

19
Q

What percentage is plasma of blood?

A

55%

20
Q

What percentage of blood is red blood cells?

A

45%

21
Q

Function of plasma

A

Transport of important substances and blood cells

Biology YEAR 8 (3 decks)

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