Physiology Flashcards
Name alpha 1 globulins
alpha1 antitrypsin, HDL, retinol binding globulin, alpha feto protein, Prothrombin
Causes of hypoalbunemia
Liver disease, malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome, GI disease, burns, congenital deficiency
AAT def
bronchiectasis
HDL def
hypercholesterolemia
RBG def
vit A def = night blindness and skin diseases
AFP usage
detect if fetus has neural tube defect or down syndrome
Name alpha 2 globulins
alpha2 macroglobulin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, thyroxine binding globulin, cortisol binding globulin
Ceruloplasmin def
Wilson’s disease (copper deposition)
Name beta globulins
LDL, transferrin, hemopexin, C3&C4, CRP, plasminogen
LDL elevation
hypercholesterolemia = atherosclerotic plaque
Name gamma globulins with function of each
IgM (primary immune response), IgG (secondary immune response), IgA (secreted into mucus, tears, saliva), IgD (B cell receptor), and IgE (allergy and parasitic infections)
Multiple Myeloma
Increased gamma globulin
Punched out lytic lesions in skull (hypercalcemia)
Kidney damage
Anemia
Bence-jones protein in urine
Defect in light chain
Diagnose by elevated fibrinogen levels
What gives RBCs acid-base buffer function
Presence of carbonic anhydrase
what is the Hb/Hct ratio
3:1
List origin of synthesis of RBCs throughout fetal life
12 weeks: yolk sac
24 weeks: spleen, liver, LNs
27 weeks-5 years: BM of long and membranous bones
Past 5 years: BM of membranous bones and proximal ends of humerus and tibia
List the changes occurring in RBC during maturation
Small size, annucleated, more cytoplasm
What happens when body is subjected to hypoxia
Hypoxia is sensed by kidney = production of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) = production of erythropoietin (EPO) = stimulates bone marrow