Physiology

Question 1

3 functions of von Willebrand protein?

Answer 1

Protects Factor VIII in the circulation
Aids platelet adhesion to endothelium
Prolongs bleeding time (decreases the FC component of the VW antigen and it’s function)

Question 2

Which chromosome carries 2 copies of the alpha globin chain?

Answer 2

chromosome 16

Question 3

On what chromosome are the genes for beta, gamma and delta globin chains?

Answer 3

Chromosome 11

Question 4

What is Adult haemoglobin composed of?

Answer 4

2 alpha and 2 beta chains

Question 5

HbA accounts for what percentage of adult haemoglobin?

Answer 5

~95%

Question 6

What is HbF composed of?

Answer 6

2 alpha chains and 2 gamma chains

Question 7

What factors move the oxygen dissociation curve to the right?

Answer 7

Increased temp + DPG
Decreased pH (acidosis)

Question 8

What factors move the oxygen dissociation curve to the left?

Answer 8

Decreased temp + DPG
Increased pH (alkalosis)

Question 9

Each gram of Hemoglobin contains how much iron?

Answer 9

~3.3mg

Question 10

Where is iron absorbed?

Answer 10

Duodenum + upper jéjunum

Question 11

What is ferritin?

Answer 11

Crystalline hydrous ferric oxide surrounded by a sphere of apoferritin

Question 12

What is ferritin a good measure of?

Answer 12

total body iron stores

Question 13

What is transferrin’s major function?

Answer 13

Transport iron into cells

Question 14

How does methemoglobin form?

Answer 14

Forms when ferrous iron (Fe2+) is converted to ferric iron (Fe3+)

Question 15

What is cobalamin?

Answer 15

Vitamin B12

Question 16

How is cobalamin transported?

Answer 16

Linked to B-group in haemoglobin

–> B-thal deficient

Question 17

Why is B12 soooo important?

Answer 17

Required for DNA synthesis

Question 18

Where is folic acid absorbed?

Answer 18

proximal jejunum + ileum

Question 19

Make up of marrow cells?

Answer 19

70% myeloid

25% erythroid

Question 20

Half life of platelets?

Answer 20

4 days

Question 21

Define procoagulants?

Answer 21

promote coagulation

Question 22

Anticoagulants?

Answer 22

inhibit coagulation

Question 23

What is Factor I?

Answer 23

Fibrinogen

Question 24

What is Factor II?

Answer 24

Prothrombin

Question 25

What is Factor III?

Answer 25

Thromboplastin (also called tissue factor)

Question 26

Which pathway activates clot formation more quickly?

Answer 26

Extrinsic pathway

Question 27

What are the steps in the extrinsic coagulation pathway (4)?

Answer 27

1. vessel wall trauma causes release of thromboplastin
2. Factor VII + thromboplastin + Ca = activation of Factor X
3. Xa + Factor V = prothrombin activator
4. COMMON PATHWAY

Question 28

What does Anti-thrombin III do?

Answer 28

Blocks effects of thrombin on fibrinogen

Also inactivates thrombin

Question 29

What does naturally occurring heparin do?

Answer 29

Multiplies effects of Anti-thrombin III

Question 30

What cells release large amounts of heparin?

Answer 30

Mast cells

Question 31

What does plasmin do?

Answer 31

dissolves fibrin clots

formed from plasminogen

Question 32

What does Protein C do?

Answer 32

stops activated factor V and Factor VIII

Question 33

Where is B12 absorbed?

Answer 33

terminal ileum

Question 34

What is the Embden-Meyerhof pathway associated with?

Answer 34

metabolism of glucose to lactate