Physiology

Question 1

How does urine become concentrated

Answer 1

1. Increased serum osmolality
2. Vasopressin/ADH is produced by hypothalamus and released from posterior pituitary
3. ADH binds to receptors in the kidneys in the distal convoluted tubules
4. This facilitates water reabsorption and results in a smaller volumes of higher concentrated urine
5. Serum osmolality is then reduced

Question 2

Describe mitochondrial disease inheritance

Answer 2

inheritance is only via the maternal line
all of the children of an affected female will inherit the disease
poor genotype:phenotype correlation - - this is known as

Question 3

heteroplasmy

Answer 3

within a tissue or cell there can be different mitochondrial populations

Question 4

Role of Von Willebrands factor

Answer 4

promotes platelet adhesion to damaged endothelium
carrier molecule for factor VIII