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Lower GI AAU > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is villi?

A

finger like projection about 1mm in height

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2
Q

Where can intestinal glands (crypts of lieberkuhn) be found ?

A

Between the bases of the villi

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3
Q

intestinal glands secret

A

intestine juice

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4
Q

Brunner,s glands are found in the submucosa of

A

the duodenum

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5
Q

peyer,s patches are

A

aggregated Lymphoid tissue found in the ileum

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6
Q

the lining epithelial cells In the crypts are?(4)

A
  1. Undifferentiated, actively dividing cells
  2. Mucus-secreting goblet cells
  3. Various epithelial endocrine cells
  4. Paneth cells containing large eosinophilic granules, also contain lysozyme immunoglobulins
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7
Q

The epithelial cells lining the villi include?(3)

A
  1. The digestive absorptive columnar cells with brush border, called enterocytes
  2. Mucus secreting goblet cells
  3. A few endocrine epithelial cells
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8
Q

Actively proliferating cells in the crypts migrate on to the villus to become?

A

enterocytes

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9
Q

The microvilli of enterocytes are covered by

A

layer of glycocalyx (complex of polysaccharide & protein)

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10
Q

Brunner,s glands in the duodenum secrete ?

A

alkaline fluid that contains mucus but not enzymes

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11
Q

Intestinal juice is a turbid fluid with a fishy odour

A

No answer here

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12
Q

Enteropeptide activates …… to …..

A

trypsinogen to trypsin

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13
Q

Large intestine Differs from the small intestine in ?(5)

A

➢No No villivilli.
➢Higher number of goblet cells.Higher number of goblet cells.
➢Higher number of intestinal bacteria.Higher number of intestinal bacteria.
➢Have haustra in its wall.
➢ Presence of teniaeteniae coli (incomplete outer longitudinal smooth muscle in its wall)

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14
Q

INTESTINAL MOTILITY have Two types ?

A

1.Preistalsis : pushes food forward, 2.Segmentation (Mixing): mixes food with enzymes and exposes it to the intestinal surface for absorption .

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15
Q

pacemaker found in?

A

In the duodenum just above the opening of bile & pancreatic ducts .

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16
Q

small-bowel slow waves are called?

A

basal electric rhythm (BER),

17
Q

BER

A

These are are spontaneous cyclic waves of smooth muscle depolarization & repolarization which are responsible for the coordination of intestine movements

18
Q

BER

A

These are are spontaneous cyclic waves of smooth muscle depolarization & repolarization which are responsible for the coordination of intestine movements

19
Q

Their frequency declines as they move

A

caudally

20
Q

Segmentation contraction is

A

ring-like contractions of the circular muscle layer appear at regular intervals

21
Q

The segmentation contraction may also have propulsive effect on contents

A

No answer here

22
Q

Segmentation persist after ……… denervation, but disappear after destroying the ……..

A

extrinsic

intrinsic nerve plexus

23
Q

Peristalsis is controlled by

A

intramural myenteric reflex

24
Q

It persists after …… denervation & is abolished after destruction of……

A

extrinsic

intrinsic nerves

25
Q

What causes circular muscle above bolus to contract ?

A
  1. The reflex is triggered by distension
  2. leading to release of 5-HT
  3. stimulates intrinsic afferent Ach & substance P
26
Q

What causes the muscle at the bolus site & & below it to relax ?

A

Distending cholinergic interneurons

activate inhibitory motor neurons to release NO & VIP

27
Q

Vagotomy and sympathectomy effects on intestinal movements?

A

Vagotomy is followed by transient hypomotility

sympathectomy does not affect intestinal movements

28
Q

gastrin and CCK

A

stimulates intestinal motility

29
Q

Motiline

A

stimulates intestinal motility & may be regulate interdigestive MMC activity

30
Q

Secretin

A

inhibits intestinal motility & contracts the ileocaecal sphincter

31
Q

Secretin family

A

SECRETIN
VIP
GIP
Glucagon

32
Q

SECRETIN Mechanism of action is?

A

Secretin has cell membrane receptors. Its effects are mediated via the second messenger “cAMP

33
Q

SECRETIN production is stimulated by ?

A

the products of protein digestion and by acid bathing the mucosa of the upper small intestine

34
Q

SECRETIN secretion control

A

Negative feedback

35
Q

gastrin family

A

gastrin

CCKPZ

36
Q

CCKPZ is Produced by

A

I cells of the duodenum and by some neurons in the brain and GIT

37
Q

SECRETIN is produced by ?

A

S cells in the duodenum

38
Q

CCKPZ production is stimulated by?

A

Luminal amino & fatty acids (mainly) Low pH in the duodenum

39
Q

CCKPZ Mechanism of action ?

A

Has cell membrane receptors. - Its effects are mediated via “phospholipase C

Lower GI AAU (5 decks)

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