Physiological Variable: Integumentary & Musculoskeletal / Mobility W9 Flashcards
What are the 4 basic elements of normal movement
- body alignment (posture)
- joint mobility (range of motion, measured in degrees)
- balance, comes from the cerebral cortex
- coordination, needs the first 3 things to be working
What is range of motion ?
It is the maximum movement possible for a joint and varies depending on age, health, and genetics
It can be active or passive*
What is active ROM?
It is done first as it’s less intrusive on the patient
- ask the patient to move slowly with flexion and extension
- tell the patient to stop movement if they experience pain
What is passive ROM?
It is more intrusive as you manipulate the patient’s joints for them
- ask the patient to relax and support the joint as it is moved through its ROM
- observe and compare each side of the body for symmetry, pain, inflammation or stiffness
What are factors that impair mobility?
- damage to the CNS as it regulates voluntary movement
- impaired muscle development such as MS
- direct trauma to the musculoskeletal system such as a fracture
- inflammatory diseases
What is rheumatoid arthritis ?
It is a chronic inflammatory disease (systemic autoimmune disease) that primarily impacts synovial membrane but may impact other systems/organs (lungs, pericardium)
- It has both systemic and local effects
- the cause is unknown, but it is exacerbated by stress*
- symptoms include pain, heat, redness, swelling, tenderness
What is osteoarthritis ?
It is a degeneration of the joints that causes localized pain
It involves a progressive localized deterioration of CARTILAGE in the joints leading to inflammation of the joints
What is osteoporosis “brittle bones”?
It is the decreased density of bones and the deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and an increased risk for fractures
- it occurs in females older than 65
- it is commonly seen in the hips, wrist, and spine
