Physiological constants (lent)

Question 1

What is the maximum cardiac output in humans?

Answer 1

~30 l/min

Question 2

What is the normal cardiac output?

Answer 2

~5 l/min

Question 3

What is standard temperature pressure dry (STPD)?

Answer 3

• Temperature: 273K
• Pressure = 1 atm = 760 mmHg

Question 4

What are the normal values for inspired PO₂/CO₂?

Answer 4

PIO₂ ≃ 149 mmHg (BTPS)
PICO₂ = 0.28 mmHg (BTPS) ≈ 0 mmHg

Question 5

What are the normal values for expired PO₂/CO₂

Answer 5

PAO2 ≃ 100 mmHg (BTPS)
PACO2 ≃ 40 mmHg (BTPS)

Question 6

What is the standard end-expiratory intrapleural pressure?

Answer 6

-5 cmH₂O

Question 7

What is the standard end-inspiratory intrapleural pressure?

Answer 7

-8 cmH₂O

Question 8

What is the intra-alveolar pressure during expiration?

Answer 8

1 cmH₂O

Question 9

What is the value of K in the alveolar ventilation equation?

Answer 9

0.865 mmHg ml/l

Question 10

What is the solubility of CO₂?

Answer 10

0.7 ml/l plasma/mmHg

Question 11

What is the solubility of O₂?

Answer 11

0.03 ml/l plasma/mmHg

Question 12

What is the O₂ binding capacity of Hb?

Answer 12

1.39 ml/g Hb

Question 13

What are the normal values for venous P_O2?

Answer 13

40 mmHg

Question 14

What are the normal values for arterial P_O2?

Answer 14

100 mmHg

Question 15

What are the normal values for venous PCO₂?

Answer 15

46 mmHg

Question 16

What are the normal values for arterial PCO₂?

Answer 16

40 mmHg

Question 17

What is the pKa for the HCO₃^- buffering system?

Answer 17

6.1

Question 18

What is normal blood pH?

Answer 18

7.4

Question 19

What is normal blood [HCO₃^-]?

Answer 19

24 mM

Question 20

What is the minimum urine pH?

Answer 20

4.5

Question 21

What is the normal ICF volume?

Answer 21

~25 l

Question 22

What is the hormal IF volume?

Answer 22

~13 l

Question 23

What is the normal plasma volume?

Answer 23

~3 l

Question 24

What is the gas constant?

Answer 24

62.32 mmHg l mol^-1 K^-1

Question 25

What is normal GFR?

Answer 25

1.25 l/min

Question 26

What is the normal plasma osmolality?

Answer 26

300 mOsm kg^-1

Question 27

What is the minimum urine osmolality?

Answer 27

30 mOsm kg^-1

Question 28

What is the maximum urine osmolality?

Answer 28

1200 mOsm kg^-1

Question 29

What are the concentrations of ECF Ca²⁺ in the body?

Answer 29

1. Free [Ca²⁺] ≈ 1.075mM
2. Bound to proteins ≈ 1.2mM
3. Complexed with anions ≈ 0.225mM