Physiological Adaptations To Exercise Flashcards
VO2 Max
Measure of the peak volume of oxygen you can consume and use in a minute.
Oxygen uptake
Ability of the mitochondria within the working muscles to use O2 for energy production
Amount of oxygen body uses in 1 minute.
Best indicator of athletes overall fitness
Oxygen deficit
The difference between the total amount of oxygen required to perform an activity and the actual amount of oxygen initially available
Oxygen debt
During exercise the body will start to take in less oxygen then it needs to keep going so the body will take extra oxygen. This leaves an oxygen debt that is replaced during recovery. This replaces the oxygen lost and also brings the body back to normal.
Anaerobic (lactate) threshold
The point during exercise when blood lactate begins to accumulate above resting levels and lactate clearance is no longer able to keep up with lactate production
Heart rate (HR)
Number of times the heart beats per minute
Stroke volume (SV)
Amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle during a contraction
Cardiac output (Q)
Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
Q = HR x SV
Respiration rate/ventilation rate
Depth and rate of breathing in/out per minute
Number of breaths per minute
Arterio-Venous Difference
Difference in O2 concentration in arterial and venous blood
Indication of how much oxygen is removed from the blood in capillaries as the blood circulates the body
Acute responses to exercise
Immediate, short term changes
Last for the duration of the exercise and the recovery period
Chronic responses to exercise
Long term adaptations
Occur from training but reverse when training ceases
Warm up
Prepare body for competition both physically and mentally
Reduce muscle soreness and injury
Cool down
Promotes faster recovery from fatigue, lactic acid
Prevents blood pooling in limbs
Reduce DOMS
