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aerobic capacity unit 1.2b - thomas > physiological adaptations from aerobic training > Flashcards

physiological adaptations from aerobic training Flashcards

1
Q

what do physiological adaptations of aerobic training affect

A
  • Respiratory system
  • Cardiovascular system
  • Musculo-skeletal system
  • Metabolic function
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2
Q

what are the structural adaptations of the respiratory system

A
  • stronger respiratory muscles
  • increased surface area of alveoli
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3
Q

what are the functional affects of stronger respiratory muscles (RS)

A

Increased mechanics of breathing efficiency:
- increased maximal lung volumes
- decreased respiratory fatigue

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4
Q

what are the functional affects of increased surface area of alveoli (RS)

A

Increased external gaseous exchange

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5
Q

what are the overall adaptations/effects on the respiratory system

A
  • increased volume of oxygen diffused into the blood stream
  • decreased frequency of breathing at rest + during sub-maximal exercise
    –> makes it easier to perform exercise, reduces the onset fatigue, delays OBLA, increases the intensity + duration of performance
    –> alleviates asthma symptoms
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6
Q

what are the structural adaptations of the cardiovascular system

A
  • cardiac hypertrophy
  • increased elasticity of arterial walls
  • increased blood/plasma volume
  • increased number of red blood cells/haemoglobin content
  • capillarisation surrounding alveoli + SO muscle fibres
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7
Q

what are the functional affects of cardiac hypertrophy (CVS)

A
  • increases SV (at rest + during exercise) + CO (at rest)
    –> due to the increased filling capacity + force of ventricular contraction
  • decreased resting HR (<60bpm = bradycardia) + HR recovery after exercise
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8
Q

what are the functional affects of increased elasticity of arterial walls (CVS)

A

Increased efficiency of vascular shunt mechanism:
- increased vasoconstriction + dilation to redistribute CO
- decreased resting BP + increased BP regulation

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9
Q

what are the functional affects of increased blood/plasma volume (CVS)

A

lower blood viscosity:
- aids blood flow + venous return

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10
Q

what are the functional affects of increased number of red blood cells/haemoglobin content (CVS)

A

increase in oxygen-carrying capacity:
- increased gaseous exchange

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11
Q

what are the functional affects of capillarisation surrounding alveoli + SO muscle fibres (CVS)

A

Increased surface area for blood flow:
- increased gaseous exchange
- decreased distance for diffusion

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12
Q

what are the overall adaptations/effects on the cardiovascular system

A
  • Increased blood flow and oxygen transport to the muscle cells
  • Decreased BP
    –> makes it easier to exercise, reduces the onset of fatigue, delays OBLA, increases the intensity + duration of performance
    –> lower risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension (chronic high BP) + strokes
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13
Q

what are the structural adaptations of the musculo-skeletal system

A
  • Slow oxidative (SO) muscle fibre hypertrophy (up to 22%)
  • increased size (up to 40%) + density (over 100%) of mitochondria
  • increased stores of myoglobin (up to 80%)
  • increased stores of glycogen and triglycerides
  • fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) fibres become more aerobic
  • increased strength of connective tissue
  • increased thickness of articular cartilage
  • increased bone marrow density
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14
Q

what are the functional affects of slow oxidative (SO) muscle fibre hypertrophy (up to 22%) (MSS)

A

Increased potential for aerobic energy production
- increase in strength, decreased energy cost - which delays fatigue

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15
Q

what are the functional affects of increased size (up to 40%) + density (over 100%) of mitochondria (MSS)

A

Increased utilisation of oxygen
- increased aerobic energy production
- increased metabolism of triglycerides (fats)

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16
Q

what are the functional affects of increased stores of myoglobin (up to 80%) (MSS)

A

Increased storage + transport of oxygen to the mitochondria

17
Q

what are the functional affects of increased stores of glycogen and triglycerides (MSS)

A

Increased aerobic energy fuels
–> increased duration of performance

18
Q

what are the functional affects of fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) fibres becoming more aerobic (MSS)

A

Increased aerobic energy production, fuel + oxygen utilisation

19
Q

what are the functional affects of increased strength of connective tissue (MSS)

A

Tendons + ligaments strengthen
- increases joint stability + decreases the risk of injury

20
Q

what are the functional affects of increased thickness of articular cartilage (MSS)

A

Increased synovial fluid production
- nourished articular cartilage + joint lubrication

21
Q

what are the functional affects of increased bone marrow density (MSS)

A

Increased calcium absorption
- increased bone strength, decreased injury risk

22
Q

what are the overall adaptations/effects on the musculo-skeletal system

A

Increased capacity of aerobic energy production
Increased joint stability
–> makes it easier to perform exercise, reduces the onset fatigue, delays OBLA, increases the intensity + duration of performance
–> increased metabolic rate, increasing energy expenditure and managing weight
–> decreased risk of injury, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis

23
Q

what are the structural adaptations of metabolic function

A
  • increased activity of aerobic enzymes
  • decreased fat mass
  • decreased insulin resistance
24
Q

what are the functional affects of increased activity of aerobic enzymes (MF)

A

Increased metabolism of triglycerides + glycogen

25
Q

what are the functional affects of decreased fat mass (MF)

A

Increased lean mass
- increased metabolic rate
- increased breakdown of triglycerides

26
Q

what are the functional affects of decreased insulin resistance (MF)

A
  • Improved glucose tolerance
  • Treatment + prevention of type 2 diabetes
27
Q

what are the overall adaptations/effects on metabolic function

A

Increased use of fuel + oxygen to provide aerobic energy
Improved body composition
–> makes it easier to perform exercise, reduces the onset fatigue, delays OBLA, increases the intensity + duration of performance
–> increased metabolic rate, increasing energy expenditure and managing weight

aerobic capacity unit 1.2b - thomas (4 decks)

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