Physiological Adaptation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most effective way to prevent infection?

A

handwashing

The simple step of handwashing appropriately is the most effective way to prevent infections.

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2
Q

The LPN suspects the client has hypocalcemia & inflates an upper arm blood pressure cuff above the systolic blood pressure for a few minutes. What is the LPN testing for?

A

Trousseau’s sign

Clients with hypocalcemia will demonstrate Trousseau’s sign after the blood pressure cuff is inflated for about 3 minutes. If the client develops a carpal spasm in the arm, the client is positive for Trousseau’s sign.

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3
Q

When removing a chest tube, the LPN should ask the client to perform the ___ maneuver.

A

Valsalva

When a chest tube is removed, the client should be asked to take a deep breath, exhale forcible, & bear down when the tube is pulled. This is called the Valsalva maneuver.

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4
Q

Clients with ileostomies are at increased risk of ___.

A

electrolyte imbalance

When a client has an ileostomy, food does not pass through the large intestine. This impacts how electrolytes are absorbed or excreted. Clients with ileostomies should be monitored closely for electrolyte imbalance.

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5
Q

Angling the head of bed to ___ helps to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia.

A

30-45 degrees

Keeping an intubated or ventilator dependent client’s head of bed elevated to a minimum of 30-45 degrees will assist in secretion management and avoid pooling of secretions that can cause pneumonia.

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6
Q

What is the ideal range for intracranial pressure?

A

5-15 mmHg

In most clients, the ideal range for intracranial pressure is 5-15 mmHg.

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7
Q

What is the normal value for a client’s temperature?

A

98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (or 37 degrees Celsius)

While there are minor variations, especially in pediatric clients, the “normal” value is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, which is converted to 37 degrees Celsius.

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8
Q

Which stage of seizure does not occur in all seizure types?

A

aura

Auras may occur in focal seizures & tonic-clonic seizures. They do not occur in absence, atonic, or myoclonic seizures. The four stages of a seizure follow this order: prodromal, aura (if applicable), ictus, & post-ictus.

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9
Q

The umbilical cord has how many arteries & how many veins?

A

two arteries & one vein

The umbilical cord has two arteries & one vein. The acronym AVA is commonly used to remember this.

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10
Q

When removing sutures or staples, in what order should the sutures or staples be removed?

A

Every other suture or staple first

The LPN should remove every other suture or staple & apply a dressing after each to monitor for wound dehiscence.

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11
Q

When irrigating an infected wound, what is the ideal flow for the irrigation fluid?

A

from the least contaminated to most contaminated

When irrigating a wound, the LPN should have the fluid flow from the least contaminated area to the most contaminated area when possible. This helps prevent additional contamination and/or infection.

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12
Q

___ occurs when an organ protrudes from a separated surgical wound.

A

eviseration

Dehiscence & evisceration are both disruptions of an open wound following surgery. Evisceration occurs when the wound edges separate (dehiscence) and internal organs protrude from the wound.

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13
Q

What should the LPN instruct the client to do following each dose of an inhaler that contains a steroid?

A

rinse his or her mouth

Rinsing the mouth or gargling warm water following each dose will ensure that there is no residual medication left in the mouth & prevent oral candidiasis.

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14
Q

What IV line complication is more serious: infiltration or extravasation?

A

extravasation

Extravasation occurs when there is an IV line infiltration & caustic medication infiltrates the surrounding tissue. This can cause significant tissue damage.

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15
Q

The ideal window to administer antithrombotic medications in the event of a suspected thrombolytic stroke is ___.

A

3-4 hours

For maximum impact, antithrombotic medications should be administered as soon as possible in the event of a thrombotic stroke. This will ideally occur within 3-4 hours of the initial event.

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