Pharmacological Therapies Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

The LPN is reviewing a client’s medication list. The LPN notices that the client has a penicillin allergy & has a pending prescription for ampicillin. This is an example of a medication ___.

A

contraindication

Medication contraindications occur when a medication is not recommended or contraindicated for a client based on the client’s medical history. The client described above has a penicillin allergy & should not be prescribed ampicillin. The LPN is then responsible for clarifying orders with the prescribing healthcare provider.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A client taking atorvastatin should avoid ___ in their diet.

A

grapefruit/grapefruit juice

Atorvastatin & simvastatin, medications for cholesterol management, should not be taken with grapefruit juice. The enzyme needed to break down these medications is blocked by grapefruit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What antibiotic or antibiotic classes have a known side effect of causing a metallic taste in the mouth?

A

Fluoroquinolones, Metronidazole, & Clindamycin

These antibiotics may cause a metallic taste in the mouth. The risk increases with an increased dose of clindamycin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the LPN is reinforcing teaching to a client who will be taking digoxin at home. ___ is the most important vital sign for the client or caregiver to monitor.

A

heart rate

Digoxin is prescribed to treat congestive heart failure & to decrease the heart rate in clients with some arrhythmias. The LPN should instruct the client to monitor his/her pulse prior to taking the medication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is one of the most common side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

chronic dry cough

ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors inhibit kinanase II. When kinins accumulate in the respiratory tract, they can cause a chronic dry cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Elderly clients with kidney disease are at increased risk for adverse drug reactions due to ___.

A

decreased drug excretion

Elderly clients with decreased renal function may have issues with drug excretion due to decreased renal blood flow & glomerular filtration rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

St John’s wort is an over-the-counter supplement that is typically taken for ___.

A

depression

St John’s wort is typically used as a treatment for depression. Clients taking St John’s wort should not take additional prescription antidepressants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of drug typically is the root cause of extrapyramidal effects?

A

antipsychotic drugs

Antipsychotic drugs that block dopamine receptors can cause extrapyramidal effects (Physical symptoms, including tremor, slurred speech, akathesia, dystonia, anxiety, distress, paranoia, and bradyphrenia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What drug has a side effect of red-orange urine or tears?

A

Rifampin

Rifampin is a drug used to treat tuberculosis, & it commonly causes red-orange urine and/or tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

___ should be avoided in the diet of clients taking MAOIs.

A

Tyramine

Consumption of tyramine (found in figs, raisins, aged cheese, pepperoni, beer, etc) can cause severe hypertension in clients taking a MAOI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A ___ may be used to assess a client’s pain prior to & following administration of a pain medication.

A

pain rating scale

LPNs who administer pain medications should assess & document the client’s pain both prior to & following administration of the medication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What lab value should be closely monitored for a client taking Clozaril?

A

white blood cell count

Clozaril can cause neutropenia, so the client’s white blood cell count should be closely monitored.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the dangerous side effect of opioid overdose?

A

respiratory depression

Excessive opioids can induce respiratory depression leading to death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common, preventable side effect of opioids?

A

constipation

Opioids can cause decreased gastric motility, which can lead to constipation. The client may be advised to take a stool softener in conjunction with opiods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When reinforcing teaching of a client prescribed an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection, what common side effect should the LPN discuss?

A

diarrhea

Diarrhea is a common side effect of antibiotics, & clients may want to consider probiotics or yogurt to assist with bowel function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly