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Pe Definitions > Physiological > Flashcards

Physiological Flashcards

1
Q

Ejection fraction =

A

Amount of blood out of ventricle / tot amount of blood in ventricle

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2
Q

Explain the Bohr shift

A

It is a shit to the right
When there is an increase in CO2
It causes a reduction of affinity to oxygen

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3
Q

Myogenic

A

The capacity of the heart to generate its own impulses

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4
Q

Factors of slow twitch (type 1)

A

Have a high mitochondrial density
High myoglobin
Slower contraction
Better adapted for aerobic excersise

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5
Q

Fast muscle fibres (type 2x)

A

More force produced
Higher fatigue
Low mitochondrial density
White in colour

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6
Q

What is the all or none law

A

His nerves either fire all at once or none at all

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7
Q

Spatial summation

A

When the length of contraction changes altering the number and size of contraction

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8
Q

Wave summation

A

A repeated nerve impulse with no time to relax in between - sustained contraction

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9
Q

What do muscle spindles do

A

Detect change in length
Cause muscle to contract preventing overstretching

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10
Q

Golgi tendon role

A

They detect increased tension in the muscles
Will detect overstretching causing the muscle to relax

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11
Q

Isometric contraction

A

No change in length to muscles - plank

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12
Q

Isotonic concentric contraction

A

Shortening of the muscle - quad in upward phase of squat

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13
Q

Isotonic eccentric contraction

A

The lengthening of the muscle

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14
Q

The 4 main stages in the aerobic system

A

Glycolysis
Acetyl COA
Kerb cycle
Electron transfer system

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15
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Cereals / lentils
Converts food to energy
Helps with metabolism
Maintains healthy bones

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16
Q

Vitamin c

A

Fruits
Protects cells
Maintains bones

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17
Q

Vitamin d

A

Sun exposure
AIDS healthy bones

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18
Q

Vitamin B2+B3

A

Dairy products
Breaks down and releases energy
Maintains nervous system

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19
Q

B6

A

Meat and fish
Helps form haemoglobin
Helps body use and store proteins

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20
Q

Vitamin b12

A

Red meat and dairy products
Helps make red blood cells

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21
Q

Calcium

A

Dairy foods
Strong bones
Efficient muscle functions

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22
Q

Iron

A

Red meat
Helps form haemoglobin
Oxygen has a better affinity to red blood cells

23
Q

Sodium

A

Salts
Helps regulate fluid levels in the body

24
Q

What is the effectiveness of caffeine

A

Increases mental alertness
Reduces fatigue
Fats can be used as energy
Causes dehydration and loosing of fine control

25
Q

What is the effectiveness of creatine

A

Aims to improve muscle mass
Provides atp
Can hinder aerobic performance
Causes muscle cramps

26
Q

What is the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate

A

It can delay fatigue
Reduces acidity in the muscles
Can cause vomiting and cramps

27
Q

Why do performers take drugs

A

Peer pressure
Win at all cost s
Not enough detterants
Poor role models

28
Q

How to decrease the use of drugs in sport

A

Educating people
Bigger punishments
New testing
Name and shame negative role models

29
Q

Why take anabolic steroids

A

Aid storage of protein
Promote muscle growth
Less fat in the muscle
Can train for longer harder
Can cause liver damage , loss of testosterone

30
Q

Beta blockers

A

Help calm individual
Improves accuracy and presision
They keep heart rate low
Can cause tiredness and slower hr affecting aerobic capacity

31
Q

EPO

A

Natural hormone that produces red blood cells
Increases oxygen carrying capacity
Can cause blood clotting and strokes

32
Q

Factors affecting stability

A

Height
Area of base
Positio; of line of gravity
Mass of performer

33
Q

What is periodisation

A

Dividing the training year into different sections

34
Q

What is tapering

A

Reducing the volume of training prior to the competitions

35
Q

Peaking

A

Organising training so that a performer is at their peak bot( physically and mentally

36
Q

What is PNF

A

Develops flexibility
Passive stretching
CRAC

37
Q

How can hyperbaric chamber aid a performer

A

Increased pressure of oxygen
Increase in haemoglobin saturation
Increase oxygen dissolved in plasma so more to. The injured sight

38
Q

What is cryotherapy

A

Cooling treatment
Causes vasoconstriction
When u leaves causes vasodilation allowing fresh o2 to the injured sight

39
Q

Hydrotherapy

A

Water treatment
Decreases the pressure on the weight bearing muscles
Helps with muscle relaxation

40
Q

Forces in linear motion

A

Vertical forces - reaction force + weight
Horizontal force - frictional force and air resistance

41
Q

What is angular motion

A

Movement around a fixed position
Dependant on distribution of mass
To go slower move away from the centre line

42
Q

Factors affecting projectiles

A

Speed of release
Height of release
Angle of release

43
Q

What is parabola

A

A curve which matches I
On both sides

44
Q

How to reduce drag

A

The velocity of the moving body
The cross section area
Shape and surface

45
Q

The two types of drag

A

Surface drag -friction between surface and fluid environment
Form drag - forces affecting an object to increase form drag and force

46
Q

What is the Bernoulli’s principle

A

Where air molecules exert lower pressure the faster they travel

47
Q

Epoc

A

The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery and rest period

48
Q

What is the fast component in EPOC

A

Restoration of ATP and desaturation of myoglobin

49
Q

What is the slow component of EPOC

A

removal of lactic acid and glycogen replenishment

50
Q

How can you work out energy expenditure

A

Indirect calorimetry - calculates heat in physical changes
Lactate sampling - how much lactate is present In blood
Spirometer

51
Q

Partial pressure

A

The pressure excreted by an individual gas when it exits

52
Q

Moment of intertia

A

Is the distribution of the mass from the axis of rotation

53
Q

Moment of intertia

A

Is the distribution of the mass from the axis of rotation

54
Q

Angular velocity

A

The rate of rotation motion around axis of rotation

Pe Definitions (3 decks)

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