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MCN > PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES OF PREGNANCY > Flashcards

PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES OF PREGNANCY Flashcards

1
Q

signs and symptoms of pregnancy are those signs and symptoms that are usually noted by the patient, which impel her to make an appointment
with a physician.

A

Presumptive

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2
Q

These signs and symptoms are not proof of pregnancy but they will make the physician and woman suspicious of pregnancy.

A

PRESUMPTIVE

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3
Q

They could easily indicate other conditions.

A

PRESUMPTIVE

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4
Q

One of the earliest clues of pregnancy.

A

Amenorrhea (Cessation of Menstruation)

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5
Q

Usually occurs in early morning during the first 2 weeks of pregnancy.

A

Nausea and Vomiting (Morning Sickness)

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6
Q

Usually spontaneous and subsides in 6 to 8 weeks or by the twelfth to sixteenth week of pregnancy.

A

Nausea and Vomiting (Morning Sickness)

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7
Q

referred to as nausea and vomiting that is severe and lasts beyond the fourth month of pregnancy. It causes weight loss and upsets fluid and electrolyte balance of the patient.

A

Hyperemesis gravidarum.

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8
Q

caused by pressure of the expanding uterus on the bladder.

A

Frequent Urination

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9
Q

subsides as pregnancy progresses and the uterus rises out of the pelvic cavity.

A

Frequent Urination

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10
Q

uterus returns during the last weeks of pregnancy as the head of the fetus presses against the bladder.

A

Frequent Urination

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11
Q

In early pregnancy, changes start with a slight, temporary enlargement of the breasts, causing a sensation of weight, fullness, and mild tingling.

A

Breast Changes

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12
Q

Darkening of the areola–the brown part around the nipple.

A

Breast Changes

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13
Q

Enlargement of Montgomery glands–the tiny nodules or sebaceous glands within the areola

A

Breast Changes

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14
Q

Increased firmness or tenderness of the breasts

A

Breast Changes

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15
Q

More prominent and visible veins due to the increased blood supply.

A

Breast Changes

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16
Q

Presence of colostrum (thin yellowish fluid that is the precursor of breast milk).

A

Breast Changes

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17
Q

can be expressed during the second trimester and may even leak out in the latter part of the pregnancy.

A

Breast Changes

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18
Q

This is an increase in the white or slightly gray mucoid discharge that has a faint musty odor.

A

Leukorrhea.

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19
Q

due to hyperplasia of vaginal epithelial cells of the cervix because of increased hormone level from the pregnancy. Leukorrhea is also present in vaginal infections.

A

Leukorrhea.

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20
Q

This is the first perception of fetal movement within the uterus.

A

Quickening

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21
Q

It usually occurs toward the 18th week

A

Quickening

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22
Q

multigravida can feel quickening as early as

A

16 weeks

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23
Q

primigravida usually cannot feel
quickening until after

A

18 weeks.

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24
Q

marks noted on the abdomen and/or buttocks.

A

Striae gravidarum

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25
Q

marks are caused by increased production or sensitivity to adrenocortical hormones during pregnancy, not just weight gain

A

Striae gravidarum

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26
Q

black line in the midline of the abdomen that may run from the sternum or umbilicus to the symphysis pubis.

A

Linea nigra.

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27
Q

appears on the primigravida by the 3rd month and keeps pace with the rising height of the fundus.

A

Linea nigra.

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28
Q

entire line may appear on the multigravida before the third month.

A

Linea nigra.

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29
Q

“Mask of Pregnancy.”

A

Chloasma

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30
Q

bronze type of facial coloration seen more on dark-haired women.

A

Chloasma

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31
Q

CHOLASMA IS seen after the ___ OF PREGNANCY

A

16TH WK

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32
Q

common complaint by most patients during the first trimester.

A

Fatigue

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33
Q

may also be a result of anemia, infection, emotional stress, or malignant disease.

A

Fatigue

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34
Q

signs of pregnancy are those signs commonly noted by the physician upon examination of the patient.

A

Probable

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35
Q

Probable

A

These signs include uterine changes, abdominal changes, cervical changes, basal body temperature, positive pregnancy test by physician, and fetal palpation.

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36
Q

By the twelfth week, the uterus rises above the symphysis pubis and it should reach the xiphoid process by the 36th week of pregnancy.

A

Position

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37
Q

The uterine increases in width and length approximately five times its normal size. Its weight increases from 50 grams to 1,000 grams.

A

Size

38
Q

Softening of the lower uterine segment just above the cervix.

A

Hegar’s sign

39
Q

When the uterine is compressed between examining fingers, the wall feels tissue paper thin.

A

Hegar’s sign

40
Q

The Hegar’s sign is noted by

A

the 6th to 8th week of pregnancy.

41
Q

demonstrated during the bimanual exam at the 16th to 20th week.

A

Ballottement

42
Q

when the lower uterine segment or the cervix is tapped by the examiner’s finger and left there, the fetus floats upward, then sinks back and a gentle tap is felt on the finger.

A

Ballottement

43
Q

cervix is normally firm like the cartilage at the end of the nose

A

Goodell’s sign

44
Q

when there is marked softening of the cervix

A

Goodell’s sign

45
Q

GOODELL’S SIGN IS PRESENT AT

A

6 WKS

46
Q

due to hyperplasia of the cervical
glands as a result of increased hormones.

A

Operculum

47
Q

serves to seal the cervix of the pregnant uterus and to protect it from contamination by bacteria in the vagina.

A

Operculum

48
Q

involves painless uterine contractions occurring throughout pregnancy.

A

Braxton-Hick’s contractions

49
Q

usually begins about the 12th week of pregnancy and becomes progressively stronger.

A

Braxton-Hick’s contractions

50
Q

contractions will, generally, cease with walking

A

Braxton-Hick’s contractions

51
Q

Do not cause the cervix to dilate.

A

Braxton-Hick’s contractions

52
Q

This is a probable sign in early pregnancy. The physician can palpate the abdomen and identify fetal parts.

A

Fetal outline Palpation.

53
Q

It is not always accurate.

A

Fetal outline Palpation.

54
Q

signs of pregnancy are those signs that are definitely confirmed as a pregnancy.

A

Positive

55
Q

include fetal heart sounds, ultrasound scanning of the fetus, palpation of the entire fetus, palpation of fetal movements, x-ray, and actual delivery of an infant.

A

Positive

56
Q

echocardiography can demonstrate a heartbeat

A

5 weeks

57
Q

An ultrasound can reveal a beating fetal heart

A

6th to 7th week

58
Q

able to detect fetal heart sounds thru doppler

A

10th to 12th week of gestation.

59
Q

fetal heart beat can be heard through an
ordinary stethoscope

A

18 to 20 weeks of pregnancy

60
Q

The normal fetal heart rate is 120 to 160
beats/min.

A

18 to 20 weeks of pregnancy

61
Q

The gestation sac can be seen and photographed.

A

Ultrasound Scanning of the Fetus.

62
Q

embryo as early as the 4th week after conception can be identified.

A

Ultrasound Scanning of the Fetus.

63
Q

The fetal parts begin to appear by the 10th week of gestation.

A

Ultrasound Scanning of the Fetus

64
Q

Palpation must include the fetus head, back, and upper and lower body parts.

A

Palpation of the Entire Fetus.

65
Q

positive sign after the 24th week of pregnancy if the woman is not obese.

A

Palpation of the Entire Fetus.

66
Q

done by a trained examiner. It is easily elicited at 20th – 24th week of pregnancy.

A

Palpation of Fetal Movement.

67
Q

UTERINE Length grows from approx

A

6.5 to 32 cm

68
Q

Depth increases from

A

2.5 to 22 cm

69
Q

Width expands from

A

4 to 24 cm

70
Q

Weight increases from

A

50 to 1,000 gms

71
Q

Early pregnancy – uterine wall thickens from

A

1 cm to 2 cm

72
Q

End of pregnancy – the wall thins to become supple and only about

A

0.5 cm thick

73
Q

UTERINE CHANGES Due partly to formation of new muscle fibers in the uterine myometrium

A

PROGESTERONE

74
Q

UTERINE CHANGES Principally due to stretching of existing muscle fibers

A

ESTROGEN

75
Q

Uterus is able to withstand the stretching of its muscle fibers due to formation of ___between fibers that binds them together

A

fibroelastic tissue

76
Q

Volume of uterus increases from about

A

2 ml to more than 1,000 ml

77
Q

Uterus can hold

A

7 lb fetus and 1,000 ml 0f amniotic fluid for a total of about 4,000 gms

78
Q

softening of the lower uterine segment

A

Hegar’s sign

79
Q

“ to toss about”

A

Ballotement

80
Q

fetus can be felt to bounce and rise in the amniotic fluid

A

Ballotement

81
Q

“ practice contractions”

A

Braxton Hick Contractions

82
Q

also play a role in ensuring the placenta receives adequate blood.

A

Braxton Hick Contractions

83
Q

Softening of the cervix

A

Goodell’s sign

84
Q

cervix of the uterus becomes more vascular and edematous than usual causing it to soften in consistency

A

Goodell’s sign

85
Q

DUE TO ____ cervix of the uterus becomes more vascular and edematous than usual causing it to soften in consistency

A

estrogen

86
Q

A mucus plug forms to seal out bacteria and help prevent infection in the fetus and membranes.

A

Operculum

87
Q

The resulting increase in circulation (due to estrogen) changes the color of the vaginal walls from their normal light pink to a deep violet.

A

Chadwicks Sign

88
Q

increase in the activity of the epithelial cells

A

Leukorrhea

89
Q

fall from ph of greater than 7 ( an alkaline ph ) to 4 or 5 ( acid ph)

A

Change of vaginal ph

90
Q

Cessation of ovulation

A

Ovarian Changes

MCN (3 decks)

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