Physio: Sleep and Brain Waves Flashcards
Describe Slow Wave Sleep.
Has 4 stages, often called dreamless sleep.
Decrease in vascular tone, blood pressure, metabolism and temperature set point
Describe REM sleep.
Muscles paralyzed during this phase of sleep.
Lateral geniculate and components of visual cortex active (due to dreaming and generating images)
EEG resembles a person that is awake
Describe the active theory on sleep generation.
Inhibition of the reticular activating system. Serotonin release from raphe nuclei are thought to aid in this inhibition.
Type of EEG brain waves associated with a person that is awake but eyes are closed and they are not focused.
Alpha Waves (8-13 Hz)
Type of EEG brain waves associated with a person that is awake and focused.
Beta Waves (14-25 Hz)
Type of EEG brain waves associated with a person experiencing emotions, drowsy, or meditating.
Theta Waves (4-7Hz)
Type of EEG brain waves associated with a person that is in certain sleep stages.
Delta Waves (<3.5 Hz)
Type of EEG brain waves associated with a person that is aroused and fully focused on a task.
Gamma Oscillations (30-80 Hz)
Type of brain waves seen in stage 1 of slow wave sleep.
Theta Waves
Type of brain waves seen in stage 2 of slow wave sleep.
Sinusoidal,
K complex and spindles (bursts of activity coming from thalamus and cortical areas)
Type of brain waves seen in stage 3 of slow wave sleep.
Delta-like waves
Type of brain waves seen in stage 4 of slow wave sleep.
Delta Waves
How does the amount of time spent in REM sleep change in a person as they age?
Decreases with age. More time spent in Stage 1 and 2 of sleep cycle.
Name two sleep disorders that occur during slow wave sleep.
- Enuresis (bed wetting)
2. Somnambulism (sleep walking)
Describe narcolepsy, a possible mechanism that causes this and a treatment.
Patients randomly enter REM sleep.
Patients may have fewer Orexin receptors due to autoimmune attack.
(Orexin is is a neurotransmitter that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite)
Treat with Ritalin
Describe central vs. obstructive sleep apnea.
Central - defect in brain respiratory centers
Obstructive - seen in overweight individuals due to laxity in airways and spontaneous closure resulting in waking during sleep.
Describe the 3 types of epilepsy.
- Grand Mal: intense release of glutamate resulting in tonic-clonic or intense seizures.
- Petit Mal: glutamate causes overactive calcium channels resulting in absence seizures. Can be treated with calcium channel inhibitors. (SPIKE DOME)
- Focal: localized seizure due to stroke, injury, or trauma.
