Physio: Regulation of Feeding

Question 1

2 hypothalamic nuclei involved in stimulating appetite and feeding.

Answer 1

Lateral and Medial Pre-optic Nuclei

Question 2

Hypothalamic nucleus involved in satiety (inhibition of appetite and feeding).

Answer 2

Ventromedial Nucleus

Question 3

What will a lesion in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex cause in regards to feeding regulation?

Answer 3

Hyperphagia

Question 4

Name 4 chemical mediators that limit food intake in the short term.

Answer 4

1. cholecystokinin (CCK)
2. Peptide Tyrosine Tyrosine (PYY)
3. Oral Receptors (located in mouth to tell brain we are eating)
4. GLP-1

Question 5

Name 2 long term chemical mediators that inhibit feeding.

Answer 5

1. Leptin

2. Insulin

Question 6

Chemical mediator that is released when the stomach is empty to stimulate feeding.

Answer 6

Ghrelin (pronounced: “grlnrnnrn”)

Question 7

Neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus that is stimulated by Ghrelin and release NT into the paraventricular nucleus to increase food intake, decrease energy expenditure and increase parasympathetics.

Answer 7

Class 1 neurons: NPY

–> releases neuropeptide Y

Question 8

Neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus that is stimulated by leptin, insulin and CCK and release NT into the lateral thalamic area to decrease food intake, increase energy expenditure, and increase sympathetics.

Answer 8

Class 2 neurons: POMC

–> releases alpha-MSH

Question 9

What does the arcutate nucleus of the hypothalamus project out to the brain stem and spinal cord during feeding?

Answer 9

Sends signals to regulate the ANS to increase or decrease GI motility.

Question 10

Explain the theory on how glucose regulates feeding long term.

Answer 10

Glucose is thought to increase firing in the paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei resulting in satiety.

It is also thought to decrease firing in the lateral areas of the hypothalamus which also leads to satiety.

Question 11

Where does leptin come from and how does it decrease feeding?

Answer 11

Leptin comes from growing white adipose tissue.

It stimulates POMC and inhibits NPY centers and also increases cortiosl release which increase energy expenditure.

Question 12

Anorexigenic drugs that lead to loss of appetite similar to the action of the POMC neurons.

Answer 12

Cocaine and Amphetamines - regulated transcript

CART

Question 13

Receptor that can become mutated and lead to obesity, first observed in mice.

Answer 13

MCR4

-mice never think they are full