Physio Shifting: Cell And Nerve Physio Flashcards
Osmosis is movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of:
A. high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration
B. low water concentration to an area of high water concentration
C. low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration
D. low water concentration to an area of high solute concentration
C. low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration
Cell membrane fluidity increases with
A. decreasing temperature
B. increasing Carbohydrate content
C. Greater cholesterol content
D. higher saturated fatty acid content
C. Greater cholesterol content
In a neuron, action potentials are initially generated at the region of the:
A. axon hillock
B. dendrites
C. perikaryon
D. telodendria
A. axon hillock
Large hydrophilic molecules have receptors in the:
A. nucleus and cell membrane
B. cell membrane
C. cytoplasm
D. nucleus
B. cell membrane
Which statement is CORRECT regarding impulse transmission in a myelinated nerve?
A. The generated action potential skips the area covered by myelin
B. Action potentials are mostly generated on the myelin (sheath) covering
C. It is slower than what is observed in Type C nerve fibers
D. Lesser action potentials are developed at the nodes of Ranvier
A. The generated action potential skips the area covered by myelin
This is TRUE of the sodium-potassium pump:
A. It moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell, thus,
creating the membrane potential.
B. Extrusion of sodium from the cell by the pump does not provide the driving force for
secondary active transport.
C. It potentiates the Gibbs Donnan effect.
D. It controls the volume of the cell.
A. It moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell, thus,
creating the membrane potential.
B. Extrusion of sodium from the cell by the pump does not provide the driving force for
secondary active transport.
C. It potentiates the Gibbs Donnan effect.
D. It controls the volume of the cell.
- In a polarized cell, which condition is CORRECT regarding the voltage gated channels?
The voltage gated ________
A. sodium channels are closed by their H gates
B. channels are not transporting ions
C. potassium channels are open
D. sodium channels have open M gates
B. channels are not transporting ions
Graded potentials are
A. capable of having refractory periods
B. intensity independent
C. dependent on the activity of voltage gated channels
D. capable of incremental changes
D. capable of incremental changes
Vesicles storing the NTAs are normally present in the
A. dendrites
B. axon terminal
C. “trigger zone”
D. cell body
B. axon terminal
Mannitol is considered to be an effective osmole because its reflection coefficient is
A. 1, meaning they can pass through the membrane and can effectively pull water.
B. 0, meaning they cannot pass through the membrane and can effectively pull water
C. its reflection coefficient is 1, meaning they cannot pass through the membrane and
can effectively pull water
D. 0, meaning they cannot pass through the membrane and cannot effectively pull water
C. its reflection coefficient is 1, meaning they cannot pass through the membrane and
can effectively pull water
The parietal cells in the stomach pump hydrogen ions out of the cell via this type of
transport
A. Secondary active, symport
B. Primary active, uniport
C. Primary active, antiport
D. Secondary active, counter-transport
B. Primary active, uniport
The potassium ions are very near their equilibrium potential
A. during after-depolarization
B. at the start of repolarization period
C. during after-hyperpolarization
D. at the peak of depolarization
C. during after-hyperpolarization
In a long term potentiation, the involved neurons eventually
A. becomes less responsive to the stimulus frequently affecting the neurons
B. increase amount of NTAs released and increases also the sensitivity of receptors at
the post-synaptic area
C. increases only the amount of NTAs released once they are activated
D. becomes refractory to frequent stimulation
B. increase amount of NTAs released and increases also the sensitivity of receptors at the post-synaptic area
The constant magnitude of the RMP is attributed to the continuous
A. leakage of sodium ions
B. activity of the NA+-K+ exchange pump
C. transport of sodium ions into the cell using transporters
D. transport of chloride ions into the cell using channels
B. activity of the NA+-K+ exchange pump
The constant magnitude of the RMP is attributed to the continuous
A. leakage of sodium ions
B. activity of the NA+-K+ exchange pump
C. transport of sodium ions into the cell using transporters
D. transport of chloride ions into the cell using channels
B. activity of the NA+-K+ exchange pump
When IPSP is generated at the post-synaptic area, it can inactive the
A. Na+-K+ exchange pump
B. chloride channels
C. potassium channels
D. sodium channels
D. sodium channels
In an action potential, voltage gated Na+ channels are initially closed by their H gates during
A. after-depolarization
B. middle period of repolarization
C. peak of depolarization
D. after-hyperpolarization
C. peak of depolarization
Which of the following is/are amphipathic?
A. Cholesterol
B. Phospholipids
C. Integral proteins
D. All of the choices
D. All of the choices
Impulses from these nerves are normally transmitted towards the center (brain/spinal
cord)
A. autonomic nerves
B. motor nerves
C. sensory nerves
D. association nerves
C. sensory nerves
Blood glucose regulation is via the modified negative feedback mechanism, wherein:
A. increasing levels of glucose in the blood will stimulate the secretion of insulin,
bringing it back to normal.
B. decreasing levels of glucose in the blood will decrease the secretion of glucagon,
bringing it back to normal
C. decreasing levels of glucose in the blood will stimulate the secretion of insulin,
bringing it back to normal
D. increasing levels of glucose in the blood will decrease the secretion of insulin,
bringing it back to normal
A. increasing levels of glucose in the blood will stimulate the secretion of insulin, bringing it back to normal.
This neuroglia are the phagocytic cells of the CNS
A. astrocytes
B. ependymal cells
C. satellite cells
D. microglia
D. microglia
How does extracellular fluid (ECF) differ from intracellular fluid (ICF)?
A. Plasma is part of the ECF, which contains more large proteins like albumin
B. ECF is 40% of the body weight while ICF is 20% of the body weight.
C. Potassium content in the ECF is the major determinant of plasma osmolality.
D. There is greater sodium concentration in ICF.
A. Plasma is part of the ECF, which contains more large proteins like albumin
The potassium leak channels are
A. markedly affected by electrical gradient or electrostatic forces when a cell is polarized
B. transporting ions without control or regulation
C. capable of promoting potassium influx
D. not active during the repolarization phase of the action potential
B. transporting ions without control or regulation
Phagocytosis by macrophages is what type of vesicular transport?
A. Endocytosis, non-specific fluid and small particle intake
B. Transcytosis
C. Endocytosis, larger particle intake
D. Exocytosis
C. Endocytosis, larger particle intake
When stimulated by sub-threshold intensity, skeletal muscles develop a/an
A. end-plate potential
B. action potential
C. generator potential
D. EPSP or IPSP
A. end-plate potential
Action potentials are capable of
A. presenting lesser electrical charges
B. presenting periods of refractoriness
C. summation
D. decreasing activity of the Na+-K+ exchange pump
B. presenting periods of refractoriness
