Physio RS lec 1 resp tract

Question 1

components of upper respiratory airway are:

Answer 1

Nose:primary route

Pharynx:mouth

filters, warms and humidifies the air, and protects the lower tract.

Question 2

Components of lower tract (bronchial tree):

Answer 2

Trachea— Main bronchi—secondary bronchi—tertiary bronchi—bronchioles

Question 3

Composition of Pulmonary surfactant:

Answer 3

Apoproteins
phospholipids
calcium ions

Question 4

Pulmonary surfactant main function:

Answer 4

decreases alveolar surface tension, Surface tension is inversly proportional to surfactant concentration.

Increased Lung compliance
Reduces lung recoil

Question 5

List of surfactant functions;

Answer 5

1-prevents lung collapse
2-prevents pulmonary edema, keeps alveoli dry
3-keeps lungs expanded
4-stabilize alveoli size

Question 6

Respiratory membrane:

Answer 6

where gas exchange occurs between alveolar air and pulmonary blood

Question 7

Pleural walls:

Answer 7

Visceral: inner thoracic wall
Parietal: outer thoracic wall

parietal pleura extends over diaphragm and mediastinum

Question 8

Pleural fluid:

Answer 8

fluid in pleural cavity, provides lubrication

Question 8

Quiet inspiration muscles:

Answer 8

diaphragm
External intercostals

Question 9

Accessory muscles of inspiration:

Answer 9

-Pec major and minor
-scalene
-serratus
-sternocleidomastoid

3 S’s !

Question 10

Inspiration movement

Answer 10

-Air moves from high to low presure areas
-lung expands
-volume of thoracic cage increases

Question 11

4 Muscles of expiration:

Answer 11

Internal intercostal
Abdominis recti
Transverse abdominis
internal oblique

Question 12

expiration movement:

Answer 12

-decrease vol of thoracic cage
-pressure in lung increases