Physio Lecture Block 2 Flashcards
study lmao (113 cards)
What does the skeletal System contain
Bones
Cartilage
ligaments
connective Tissues
skeletal system functions
Support
protection
leverage (movement)
mineral homeostasis (storage and release)
triglyceride storage (yellow marrow)
Hemopoiesis (red and white blood cells formation) found in red marrow
Axial Skeleton
Skull
Hyoid
Auditory
Vertebral column
Thorax
only 80 bones total and appears more central
Appendicular
Pectoral Girdle (shoulder)- clavicle and scapula
Upper Limbs
Pelvic Girdle (hips etc.)
Lower Limbs (extremities)
126 total bones
Types of Bone/Bone classification
Long- humerus
Short - wrist bone
Flat - sternum
Irregular - vertebra
Sesamoid - patella
Sutural- fetal skeleton
pneumatized - ethmoid ??
layers of connective tissue that are important growth and remodeling
endosteum and periosteum
Periosteum
-connective tissue membrane covering the EXTERNAL SURFACE of a bone
-continuous with tendons and connective Tissues of joints
-attached to bone matrix via perforating fibers
Two layers of the periosteum
outer fibrous and inner osteogenic
Endosteum
Lines the INNER surface of bone: **marrow cavity, trabeculae of spongy bone, and canals of compact bone
**Contains Osteogenic cells (this is where it gets importance for bone growth and remodeling)
Short Bone Anatomy
Compact bone, the spongy bone, and then red blood marrow in between spongy bone
Anatomy of a flat bone
Periosteum, then compact, then spongy, endosteum lines inner space (kinda between spongy it looks like)
Are sutural bones part of the 206 bones of the body?
No they are in addition if present at al
Articulations (AKA JOINTS OR ARTHROSES) definition
a point of contact between
-Bones (elbow)
-Bones and Cartilage (epiphyseal plates)
-Bones and Teeth
Arthrology definition
Study of Teeth
Kinesiology definition
Study of the body in motion
How are joints classified (2 ways)?
What are the 3 types of each?
Based on anatomical structure!
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Based on Function!
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, and Diarthrosis explained
Syn= immovable
Amphi= Slightly movable
Di= Freely movable
Fibrous Joint
Dense Irregular CT between bones
What type of tissue is Cartilaginous
Hyaline Cartilage between Bones
Synovial
synovial fluid between bones
Synarthroses examples
Immovable
*sutures
*Gomphosis (fibrous and looks like root of tooth/alveoli area)
*Synchondrosis (cartilaginous joint idk where tho)
amphiarthrosis
slightly movable- examples: intervertebral discs
*Syndesmosis (fibrous)- between tibia and fibia
*Interosseous Membrane (fibrous) also between fibia and tibia?
*Symphysis (such as pubic) (is cartilaginous joint)
diarthroses (Name and describe all 6!)
Freely movable- examples
*Gliding Joint (back and forth side to side between navicular and cueniforms of tarsus.
*Hinge Joint (elbows, knees- monoaxial and only swing in one direction) specifically trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
*Pivot Joint (head of radius and radial notch of ulna)
*Condyloid Joint- joint between radius and the scaphoid and lunate carpus
*Saddle Joint- between trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of the thumb
* Ball and Socket- (between head of femur and acetabulum of hip)
All diarthroses are what type of joints?
Synovial!