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Physio > Physio Bone Lab > Flashcards

Physio Bone Lab Flashcards

1
Q

of Bones in the Axial Skeleton

A

80

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2
Q

of Bones in the Appendicular skeleton

A
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3
Q

Major Bones of Axial System

A

skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, vertebrae, sternum, and ribs

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4
Q

2 main regions of the skull

A

face and cranium

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5
Q

Vertebral Column 5 sections

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum coccyx

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6
Q

Sternum Function

A

Protect lungs and heart while providing flexibility during breathing

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7
Q

What is the Hyoid Bone

A

small, floating bone between the floor of the mouth and the upper anterior neck

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8
Q

Auditory Ossicle

A

Three tiny bones located in the middle ear that transmit and amplify sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear.

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9
Q

Articulating Surface

A

2 bones forming a joint
Examples of these include condyles, heads, facets, and trochleas

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10
Q

Condyle

A

A rounded projection

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11
Q

Meatus/Canal

A

bony passageway (eye socket?)

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12
Q

Sinus

A

Cavity within a bone

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13
Q

Foramen

A

round or oval hole/opening

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14
Q

Process

A

bony projection

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15
Q

fissure

A

slit like opening

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16
Q

tuberosity

A

elevated projection with a roughened surface

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17
Q

Head

A

rounded expansion with narrow neck

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18
Q

Trochlea

A

pulley-shaped articular process

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19
Q

epicondyle

A

elevated area, above a condyle

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20
Q

crest

A

prominent narrow ridge

21
Q

fossa

A

shallow depression

22
Q

line

A

narrow ridge less prominent than a crest

23
Q

spine

A

slender pointed projection

24
Q

ramus

A

arm-like projection

25
Q

trochanter

A

large irregular process (only on femur)

26
Q

facet

A

smooth and flat surface

27
Q

Cranial Bones (8)

A

frontal
parietal (two),
temporal (two),
occipital,
sphenoid,
and ethmoid

28
Q

Frontal Bone Important Feature

A

Supraorbital Foramen- opening above the orbital of the eyes (kind of looks like the beginning of both eyebrows)

29
Q

Occipital Bone Features

A

Foramen Magnum- opening which spinal cord connects to lower brain (looks like hole in the brain)
External Occipital- projection at base of skull
Occipital Condyles- Rounded processes that articulate with the Atlas (C1) (looks like beans by the magnum)

30
Q

Temporal Bone Features

A

External Auditory Meatus- tube like opening for ear canal

Zygomatic Process-

Styloid Process- attachment for muscles and ligaments of tongue and neck

Mastoid process (mastoid = breast-like)
- Rounded projection attachment for muscles

Mandibular fossa
- Depression for articulation

31
Q

Ethmoid Bone Features

A

Crista galli
- Projection for attachment of membranes covering brain

Cribriform plates
- One on either side of crista galli; form roof of nasal cavity

Olfactory foramina
- Tiny holes that allow the passage of axons of the olfactory

Perpendicular plate
- Forms superior part of nasal septum

Middle nasal conchae
- Scroll-like projections on each lateral wall of nasal cavity, located between the superior and inferior nasal conchae

Superior nasal conchae
- Scroll-like projections on each lateral wall of nasal cavity. smallest of the nasal conchae and are situated above the middle nasal conchae. For these reasons, they are often not visible

32
Q

Sphenoid Bone Features

A

Sella turcica
- Bony projection that surrounds and protects pituitary gland

Greater and lesser wings
- Form anterior and lateral floor of cranial cavity

Optic canal
- Passageway for cranial nerve II

33
Q

Facial Bones

A

The fourteen (14) irregularly-shaped facial bones are the maxillae (two), mandible, zygomatic bones (two), nasal bones (two), lacrimal bones (two), palatine bones (two), inferior nasal conchae (two), and the vomer.

34
Q

What is the only movable bone in the skull and what joint does it form?

A

The mandible is the only moveable bone of the skull, forming the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with the temporal bone.

35
Q

Maxillae Bone Features

A

Alveoli (alve- = socket)
- Tooth sockets (alveolus, sing.)

Palatine process
- Fused processes that form the anterior part of hard palate

36
Q

Mandible Features

A

Body
- Curved, anterior portion of mandible

Rami (ramus, sing.)
- Posterior branches, one on either side of the body of mandible

Condylar processes (mandibular condyles)
- Rounded processes on rami that articulate with temporal bone at the mandibular fossa to form the TMJ

Coronoid processes
- Triangular projections of rami anterior to the condylar processes

Mental foramina (menta = chin)
- Openings in chin for nerves and blood vessels

Alveoli
- Tooth sockets

37
Q

Zygomatic Features

A

The two zygomatic bones form the cheekbones and the lateral portion of the eye orbits.

*Temporal process
- Projects posteriorly; temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone form the zygomatic arch (this is a composite feature, which will be discussed in further detail during Lab 2.1).

38
Q

Nasal

A
39
Q

6 Fontanelles in Newborn

A

The anterior fontanelle
- The largest fontanelle. It lies at the intersection of the frontal, sagittal, and coronal sutures in the anterior portion of the skull.

Two mastoid, or posterolateral, fontanelles

Two sphenoidal, or anterolateral, fontanelles

The occipital fontanelle

40
Q

Cranial Sutures

A

fontanelles close and are replaced with sutures
-Sutures allow the brain and skull to grow during infancy and gradually fuse with age, providing stability and strength to the adult skull

41
Q

4 Types of sutures in the skull

A

Coronal- horizontal
Sagittal- vertical
Lambdoid- looks like a lambda and separates parietal and occipital
Squamous- above ear between temporal and parietal

42
Q

Thoracic Cage and Features

A

12 ribs and the sternum
1. Facets/Demifacets on the body of each thoracic vertebra (articulation site for head of a rib)
2. Elongated Spinous Process

43
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

7
1. Atlas (C1)- No body, No Spinous process
2. Axis (C2)- Dens that articulates with Atlas (C1)
3. Transverse Foramina
4. Bifurcated Spinous Process

44
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A
  1. Blunt (hatchet-shaped) Spinous Process
  2. Large Body
45
Q

Sacrum Features ( A LOT)

A

sacral hiatus
sacral canal
superior articular facets
base
ant/post sacral foramina
median sacral crest
lateral sacral crest
auricle
apex

46
Q

Sternum Features

A

Manubrium
Suprasternal Notch
Clavicular Notch
Sternal Angle
Body
Xiphoid Process

47
Q

True Ribs #’s

A

1-7
called true ribs because they connect directly to the sternum via their own costal cartilages
These ribs are also referred to as vertebrosternal ribs because they attach to the vertebrae at the back and the sternum at the front

48
Q

False Ribs

A

8-12
vertebrochondral (8-10)
They connect to the sternum indirectly through the cartilage of rib 7
Floating Ribs (11-12)
Because they do not attach to the sternum at all.

49
Q
A

Physio (4 decks)

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