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Genetics > Physio Drugs > Flashcards

Physio Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

class of drugs that prevents choline reuptake

A

hemicholinium

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2
Q

class of drugs that prevents vesicular storage of ACh

A

vesamicol

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3
Q

class of drugs that degrades synaptobrevin (SNARE) and prevents vesicle fusion/exocytosis

A

botulinum toxin (botox)

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4
Q

class of drugs used clinically to paralyze selected muscles with excessive tone

A

botox

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5
Q

what clinical syndrome is botox used to unmask

A

lambert eaton syndrome

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6
Q

used to treat focal dystonia

dystonia is a state of abnormal muscle tone resulting in muscular spasm and abnormal posture

A

botox

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7
Q

class of drug that increases ACh in the synaptic cleft thereby enhancing postsynaptic effects of ACh

A

AChE inhibitors

parasympathomimetics

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8
Q

5 types of anticholinesterase

A

edrophonium, neostigmine, physostigmine, parathion, malathion

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9
Q

used for diagnosing myasthenia gravis (MG) and eaton lambert

A

edrophonium (simple alcohol)

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10
Q

duration of edrophonium

A

short duration of action

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11
Q

used to treat myasthenia gravis (MG) and also used for reversal of neuromuscular blocker

A

neostigmine and physostigmine

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12
Q

used to treat atropine poisoning

A

physostigmine (can cross BBB)

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13
Q

duration of neostigmine and physostigmine

A

long duration of action

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14
Q

how does neostigmine and physostigmine work

A

it increases the duration of time that ACh is in the synaptic cleft by increasing half life of AChE inhibitors hence increasing the chances it will bind to a receptor

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15
Q

strong pesticide and is irreversible

A

malathion and parathion

have to make new receptors to overcome

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16
Q

what happens when there is increased stimulation of ACh receptors

A

muscle paralysis then death

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17
Q

A boy ate some berries. He became tachycardic, his temperature increased, and his eye were dilated. what drug do you use to treat?

A

physostigmine

atropine poisoning

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18
Q

responsible for vasodilating the vascular smooth muscle of the splanchnics

A

remove your sympathetics

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19
Q

autoimmune disease that blocks calcium reuptake hence reducing ACh release

A

Lambert Eaton

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20
Q

autoimmune disease that produces antibodies that bind to nicotinic receptors hence reducing neuromuscular junction transmission

A

myasthenia gravis

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21
Q

how do you tell difference between lambert eaton blocking of the calcium reuptake and botox

A

with blocking of Ca - there is still a little vesicular release

with botox - there is no vesicular release at all

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22
Q

advantages of acetocholinesterase inhibitors

A

increase parasympathetic tone, increase central cholinergic neurotransmission in dementia, reversal of paralysis from non depolarizing neuromuscular blockers

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23
Q

disadvantages of acetocholinesterase inhibitors

A

excessive muscarinic stimulation, excessive nicotinic stimulation, chemical warfare

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24
Q

what happens if muscarinic over stimulated

A

SLuM BoD

salivation, lacrimation, miosis, bradycardia, diarrhea

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25
A woman is prescribed neostigmine. She returns complaining of diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and salivation. what would alleviate her side effects?
muscarinic antagonist
26
increase GI motility, salivation, and miosis
muscarinic agonist
27
what are the 5 muscarinic agonists
carbachol, pilocarpine, methacholine, bethanecol, acetylcholine
28
used to treat glaucoma by activating miosis, decreases intraocular pressure, and sjogren syndrome
pilocarpine
29
used to diagnose asthma and has little affinity for nicotinic receptors
methacholine
30
selective for muscarinic receptors and used to treat urine retention and GI and urinary motility
bethanecol
31
muscarinic antagonist allows what type of response to dominate
sympathetics
32
how do muscarinic antagonists work
they bind to muscarinic receptors and prevent ACh from binding
33
actions of muscarinic antagonists
pupil dilation, tachycardia, decreased salivary, GIT, and bronchial secretions
34
what does atropine reduce
SLUDGE salivation, lacrimation, urination, diaphoresis (sweating), GIT motility, emesis(vomiting)
35
used to treat muscarinic poisoning and anticholinesterase poisoning
atropine
36
depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
succinylcholine
37
side effects of nicotinic receptor depolarizing blockades
K release, bradycardia, prolonged muscle paralysis, malignant hyperthermia
38
what does succinylcholine do
keeps muscle from contracting by keeping it in a constant depolarized state
39
what happens when nicotinic receptors have prolonged activation or there is an overload of ACh
they become desensitized and eventually muscle paralysis
40
what does non depolarizing neuromuscular blockers (nicotinic antagonist) do
keep channels closed and keep it from being depolarized also prevents ACh from binding so no contraction
41
how do you overcome nicotinic antagonist
increase levels of ACh by adding acetocholinesterase inhibitors
42
it is a non-depolarizing (competitive) neuromuscular blockers
pancuronium | binds to nicotinic receptor
43
use of Pancuronium
muscle paralysis during surgery
44
side effects of Pancuronium
hypertension, apnea, bronchospasm, salivation, flushing and respiratory failure
45
big difference between Pancuronium and Succinylcholine
succinylcholine - paralyzing effect increased by increase of ACh Pancuronium - paralyzing effect can be overcome with increase of ACh
46
how long does paralyzing effect last in Pancuronium and Succinylcholine
succinylcholine - few minutes | pancuronium - 2 hours
47
which receptor does contraction and which does relaxation
contraction - alpha | relaxation - beta
48
two structures in which you have to remove sympathetics in order to get parasympathetic action
cutaneous and splanchnic blood vessels
49
norepinephrine has a higher affinity for what receptors
alpha 1 and beta 1
50
epinephrine has a higher affinity for what receptors
beta 2
51
which has higher potency at alpha 1: epinephrine or noepinephrine
epinephrine
52
alpha 1 agonist
phenylephrine
53
phenylephrine is used to treat what? what are its side effects
nasal decongestant, treatment of shock side effect: hypertension
54
what are alpha 1 antagonist
prazosin and tamsulosin
55
used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia
tamsulosin
56
what is prazosin used to treat
hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia
57
postural orthostatic and hypotension on first dose are side effects of
prazosin
58
less postural orthostatic and hypotension are side effects of
tamsulosin
59
action of alpha 1 agonist and antagonist
alpha 1 agonist - constriction/contraction of SM ---> if too much it leads to hypertension alpha 1 antagonist - treatment of over constriction
60
action of alpha 2 agonist
decreases release of NE and relaxation
61
alpha 2 agonist
clonidine
62
clonidine is treatment for
hypertension and opioid withdrawal
63
side effect of clonidine
bradycardia and hypotension
64
it is an alpha 1 and partial alpha 2 agonist
oxymetaxoline
65
oxymetaxoline is treatment for
topical/nasal congestion and red eye
66
alpha 1 and alpha 2 antagonist
phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine
67
manages hypertension caused by pheochromocytoma
phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine
68
of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 antagonist ...which is reversible and which is not
irreversible - phenoxybenzamine reversible - phentolamine
69
selective beta agonists
dobutamine and albuterol
70
dobutamine increases what
contractility and cardiac output DOES NOT INCREASE HEART RATE!
71
used in acute management of heart failure
dobutamine
72
why does dobutamine have a short half life
COMT metabolism
73
beta 2 agonist that is used to treat asthma
albuterol
74
length of action and duration of albuterol
rapid action (15 mins) short duration (4-6 hours)
75
what does beta 2 agonist avoid?
cardiac and skeletal side effects
76
partial beta 1 agonist
pindolol
77
what is pindolol used to treat
hypertension in patients with bradycardia or low cardiac reserve
78
what are the beta blockers
atenolol (selective for beta 1) | propanolol (non selective)
79
what does beta 1 antagonist do
decrease contractility and heart rate reduces renin secretion treat hypertension reduce fluid overload and vasomotor tone
80
used to treat hypertension and angina
atenolol and propanolol
81
reduces blood volume via ↓ renin production
atenolol
82
side effects of atenolol
sedation and dyspnea
83
side effects of propanolol
more severe sedation, dyspnea, and bronchoconstriction
84
non selective beta and alpha 1 antagonist is used to treat what?
chronic heart failure
85
inhibitor of CA reuptake
cocaine and imipramine
86
inhibitor of CA storage
pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, and amphetamine
87
inhibitor of CA metabolism
iproniazid
88
weak inhibitor of MAO and blocks NET
amphetamine
89
used for nasal decongestion and increases norepinephrine activity at presynaptic alpha and beta receptors
pseudoephedrine and ephedrine
90
inhibits norephinephrine transporter (NET)
cocaine
91
used to treat mild depression
imipramine
92
side effects of imipramine
postural hypotension and tachycardia
93
monoamine oxidase degrades?
serotonin, NE, dopamine
94
what happens if you have an MOA inhibitor
increase NE in cytosol - used to treat mild depression
95
irreversible and nonselective and discontinued in most of the world except France
iproniazid
96
drug that is a MOA inhibitor
iproniazid
97
food to avoid when taking iproniazid
aged cheese, red wine, and concentrated yeast product (marmite)
98
used to reverse the paralyzing effect of Pancuronium
neostigmine
99
why is atropine used pre surgery
to block salivation and respiratory system secretion

Genetics (19 decks)

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