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Physio Lec > Physio cont. 2 > Flashcards

Physio cont. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Receptors ventilation feedback loop

A

Chemo (homeostatic para)
Mechano (stretch lungs)

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2
Q

Control center of ventilation feedback loop

A

neural network brain stem
integration physiological cond.

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3
Q

Adaptive inputs works with control center

A

cortical
vagal
visceral
(volunatry control, swallowing, speech)

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4
Q

Effectors ventillation feedback loop

A

Adaptation resp
Somatic: ventillation
Autonomic: bronchodilation/constriction

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5
Q

Whats central chemoreceptors

A

group neurocytes, glial cells on ventral surface oblongated medulla

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6
Q

What detects hypoxia

A

PCR

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7
Q

What stimulates ventilation

A

central hypercapnia (CO2)

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8
Q

Charac quite breathing

A

ONLY insp neurons

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9
Q

Pathway quite breathing

A

(+) insp neurons -> insp m. contracts -> insp occurs
(-) insp neurons -> insp m. relaxs -> PASSIVE exp occurs

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10
Q

Pathway forced breathing

A

(+) insp neurons - (-) exp neurons ->
inspiratory + acessory m. contracts ->
insp occurs ->
(-) insp neurons - (+) exp neurons ->
inspiratory m. relax - expiratory m. contracts ->
ACTIVE expiration

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11
Q

Charac forced breathing

A

use both insp, exp neurons
use both insp + accessory , expi m.

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12
Q

Expiration of quite breathing

A

passive

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13
Q

Expiration of forced breathing

A

active

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14
Q

Respiratory centers located in

A

pons
oblongated medulla

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15
Q

Places for respiratory network

A

Pons
oblongated medulla
spinal cord

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16
Q

Network in pons

A

in dorsal resp group (DRG)
KF - Kolliker Fuse nucleus
PB Parabrachial nucleus

(Pons - sounds like ponds -> must apply to dorsal (neck) as well -> will look like celebrity Kolliker Fuse and loves to eat peanut butter - PB - ParaBrachial)

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17
Q

Network in VRG in pons

A

NONE

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18
Q

Network in DRG oblongated medulla

A

NTS - nucleus tractus solitarii
(behind medulla aka DRG medulla - medulla relates to smart -> must have nucleus tractus -> nucleus tractus solitarii NTS)

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19
Q

Type of KF

A

Rostral pontile circuit
(Rostral - bird’s mouth - celebrity KF have lip injecttion -> Rostral pontile circuit)

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20
Q

Type of PB

A

Caudal pontile circuits
(Caudal - end -> eat peanut butter -> end life if allergic to peanuts -> caudal pontile circuits)

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21
Q

Network in VRG oblongated medulla

A

RTN/pFRG - retrotrapezoid nucleus and parafacial respiratory group
BC - Boltzinger complex
PBC - pre Boltzinger complex
rVRG - rostral ventral resp group
cVRG - caudal ventral resp group
cnMN - cranial nerve motor nucleus

[into groups -
(BC-PBC) - VRG oblongated medulla - long list -> great name - Boltzinger, pre boltzinger
(cVRG, rVRG) - VRG oblongated medulla -> relates to VRG -> caudal ventral resp group, rostral ventral resp goup
(RTN/pFRG) - after VRG -> remembers abt this one - FRG -> retrotrapezoid nucleus and parafacial resp group
(cnMN) - MN - motor neurons in oblongated, spinal cord VRG -> cranial nerve motor nucleus]

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22
Q

Type of RTN/ pFRG

A

expiratory oscillator
(complicated name with slash -> forces u to exhale -> exp oscillator)

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23
Q

Type of NTS

A

insp interneuron
(nucleus tracturs -> tracks our breath -> insp -> thru out the city -> interneurons)

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24
Q

Type of BC

A

exp interneurons
botzinger complex
(boltzinger -> buzz lightyear -> like him till die in city -> exp interneurons)

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25
Type of PBC
insp oscillator preboltzinger complex (preboltzinger -> pre aka 1st -> breathe first aka insp -> motivates to be alive -> oscillator)
26
Type of rVRG
Insp interneuron (professional name -> rihanna profession -> RII ( rVRG - Insp Interneuron)
27
Type of cVRG
Exp interneuron (profession name - opposite to Rihanna rVRG -> exp interneurons)
28
Network in spinal cord
sMN spinal MotorNeuron
29
Location network in spinal cords
VRG
30
Type of cnMN
MotorNeuron cnMN -> MotorNeuron
31
Type of sMn
MotorNeuron sMN ->MotorNeuron
32
What does insp, exp oscillator mean
pacemaker of resp -> generate breathing rate spontaneously
33
What does insp, exp interneuron mean
connects oscillator + motorneurons
34
Charac motorneurons
directly innervates resp m. somatic NS need for n. innervation
35
Pathway of organization neuronal network control ventilation
cortex input -> pons centers -> oscillator/ rhythm generators -> insp, exp interneurons(network) -> motorneurons (cMN -> cranial n. -> skeletal m. ; sMN -> spinal n. -> skeletal m. (phrenic, abdominal m.)
36
REVIEW ALL LEC PIC
37
Pontile center charac
exert tonic drive (+/-) on bulba network
38
Another name for whats in pons
Pneumotaxic center - KF Apneustic center - PB (PBA - peanut butter and) KF - Kolliker Fuse PB - ParaBrachial
39
Input on neuronal network from cortex
Volitional (voluntary) Emotional Postural
40
NTS acts on
review pic
41
what regulates NTS
Chemo receptor (carotid/aortic bodies) Mechano receptor (lungs/airways stretch receptors) -> Peripheral sensory info (CN9,10) (afferent n.)
42
what regulates oscillator
NTS CPR - central chemoreceptor area
43
Charac central chemoreceptor are
sense pCO2 affects resp, cardiovascular system
44
Insp premotor neurons (insp interneuron) composed
rVRG NTS
45
Func, charac insp interneuron
controls length, amp inspiration have ramp act (aka gradual increase)
46
Insp interneuron inputs
- CN9,10 thru: PCR peripheral chemoreceptor Baroreceptor (aka blood pressure) Mechanoreceptor (aka stretch receptor) - Pontile circuits
47
Insp interneuron output
phrenic n. ext intercoastal m. n. laryngeal motorneurons pontile circuits
48
Func PreBotzinger PBC
have pacemaker neurons -> generate spontaneous act with NO synaptic input
49
Input PreBotzinger PBC
from lung mechano -> sense stretch -> Inflation: (-) PBC -> decrease insp Deflation: (+) PBC -> increase insp
50
Output PreBotzinger PBC
connect to insp neurons (insp interneurons, insp motoneuron)
51
Func RTN/pFRG retrotrapezoid nucleus and parafacial resp group
exp oscillator generates AP spontaneously but ONLY cond. active when forced breathing
52
Input RTN/pFRG retrotrapezoid nucleus and parafacial resp group
long mechanoreceptor Inflation (+) -> increase exp Deflation (-) -> decrease exp
53
Output RTN/pFRG retrotrapezoid nucleus and parafacial resp group
connect to exp neurons
54
Charac phrenic n. during eupnea (normal breathing)
ramp like
55
Func ramp like activity
produce smooth insp effort (NO gasp) steady increase in lung volume abrupt decline to silence during exp phase
56
Ramp activity charac
early insp phase late exp phase
57
Ad early insp phase
exp resistance to flow -> prolongs expansion lungs -> better gas exchange
58
Exp premotor neurons (exp interneuron) composed
BotC cVRG
59
Charac exp interneuron
inactive during normal quite breathing
60
Input exp interneuron
force breathing -> active insp neurons when resp drive > normal
61
Output exp interneuron
(+) exp neurons (cVRG) (-) insp neurons (BotC) -> relax insp m. -> PASSIVE exp
62
Pontile circuit composed
KF -Kolliker fuse - Pneumotaxic PB - ParaBrachial - Apneustic
63
Func Pontile circuit
fine tuning resp pattern coordinates breathing rhythm during activities - speaking, sleeping, exercising
64
Normal, Physiology pontile circuits
With intact pontile center - eupnea (normal breathing) NO KF, vagal n. - apneusis (NO KF/ ONLY PB -> apneusis) NO pontile centers (NO KF, NO PB) (medullary pattern) - gasping/ ataxic breathing
65
Func of Kolliker Fuse nucleus (Pneumotaxic center)
decrease duration insp increase ventilation controls insp volume
66
Input Kolliker Fuse
higher brain centers peripheral receptors
67
Ouput Kolliker Fuse
reciprocal connection with medulla fine tunes breathing rhythm during speaking, sleeping, exercising
68
Charac ParaBrachial nucleus + caudal pontine region
NO specific groups neurons found
69
Func PB
increase insp (ramp duration)
70
Inhibitor PB
vagal input (mechanoreceptor) KF (pneumotaxic) neurons
71
Vagal reflexes receptor
Myelinated pulmon. Non myelinated pulmon.
72
Myelinated pulmon. receptor
slowly adapting (sense stretch) rapidly adapting (sense irritant)
73
Non myelinated pulmon. receptor
Bronchial C fiber - J receptor Pulmonary C fiber
74
Slowly adapting stretch receptors SAR
sense V lungs
75
Slowly adapting stretch receptors SAR location, charac
in smooth m. large, small bronchial airways myelinated vagal n. afferent fibers
76
Func of Slowly adapting stretch receptors SAR
resp sinus arrhythmia
77
How Slowly adapting stretch receptors SAR works
insp -> stretch -> afferent vagal discharge increase -> medullay CV center -> parasymp decrease + symp increase (increase RVLM) -> increase HR
78
Hering Breuer Inflation reflex of Slowly adapting stretch receptors SAR
Over inflation lungs -> (+) SAR -> afferent vagal increase -> (-) insp neurons (resp center) -> termination insp. bronchodilation
79
Significant of Hering Breur
reflex triggered -> prevent over inflation lungs imp during exercise when TV increase imp in chronic obstructuve lung disease when lungs more distend infant: stop normal insp
80
Rapidly adapting stretch receptor RAR charac
myelinated afferent fibers
81
Rapidly adapting stretch receptor RAR location
airway epi close to mucosal surface
82
Func Rapidly adapting stretch receptor RAR
respond to strecth muscosal membrane respond to chem, mech irritants
83
Pathway Rapidly adapting stretch receptor RAR
irritant -> (+) RAR -> CN10 (bronchi), CN9 (larynx), CN5 (nose) -> resp center -> coughing/ sneezing, bronchoconstriction
84
J receptor aka
bronchial C fibers
85
J receptor location
conducting airways
86
Mech J receptor - bronchial C fibers
sensitive to products inflammation -> bronchoconstricion, increase mucus production
87
Pulmonary C fibers location
walls pulmon capillaries
88
Mech Pulmonary C fibers
sensitive to products inflammation -> rapid shallow breathing sensitive to pulmon vascular congestion + pulmon edema -> dyspnea (diff breathing)
89
Other influences on resp
Temp: hyperthermia/ fever -> increase resp rate Pain, emotions : sudden pain -> decrease resp ; prolonged -> increase resp
90
Voluntary control breathing
CNS override automatic reg resp short time (ex: holding breath but invol control take over)/ deliberate hyperventilation Vol control: destroyed w/o losing invol control (stroke - reverse is Ondine's curse - Palemon)

Physio Lec (5 decks)

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