Physio: Acid Base Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Acid

A

H+ Donor

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2
Q

Base

A

H+ Acceptor

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3
Q

Acidosis

A

The excess addition of H+ to body fluids

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4
Q

Alkalosis

A

The excess removal of H+ from body fluids

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5
Q

Volatile acid

A

An acid derived directly from the hydration of CO2

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6
Q

Non-Volatile Acid

A

An acid NOT derived directly from the hydration of CO2

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7
Q

Titratable Acid

A

An acid that can lose H+ in an acid/base reaction

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8
Q

Acid-Base disorders manifest themselves as deviations in levels of either ________

A

Plasma CO2 or HCO3-

Can be caused by a primary disturbance of HCO3- or pCO2

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9
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

High pCO2

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10
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Low pCO2

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11
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Low HCO3- (plasma)

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12
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

High HCO3- (plasma)

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13
Q

Respiratory Disorders

A

Caused by over or under-ventilation

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14
Q

Primary uncompensated disorder

A

If only one of these is unchanged

Compensation exists when either pCO2 or HCO3- levels remain altered for a period of time

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15
Q

What is the log value of the dissociation constant for the bicarbonate buffer system?

A

6.1

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16
Q

Rule of thumb

Respiratory acid-base disturbance–>

Metabolic acid-base disturbance–>

A

Resp–> renal compensation

Met –> respiratory compensation

17
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

Low alveolar ventilation
Increases pCO2
Decreases pH

Renal response increased bicarbonate reabsorption and increasing H+ excretion

18
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Caused by high alveolar ventilation (hyperventilation)
Decreases pCO2
Increases pH (more basic)

Renal response is increasing Bicarbonate excretion and increasing H+ reabsorption

19
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Many possible causes
Loss of HCO3- and Addition of H+
Decrease in pH

Renal Response:

  • Reabsorb all HCO3-
  • Contribute new HCO3-
  • Excretion of NH4+ and titratable acids
20
Q

What are the 3 kinds of tubular dysfunction? (Aka renal tubular acidosis RTA)

A

Classical Distal RTA (type 1): Defect in H+ secretion (Type A IC)

Proximal RTA (type 2): Defect in the HCO3- reabsorption

Hyperkalemia RTA (type 4): Associagted with hyperaldosteronism or pseudoaldosteronism

21
Q

Where is breathing regulated?

A

Chemosensitive area of the medulla

22
Q

How do the kidneys regulate pH levels?

A

Reabsorption of HCO3-

Secretion of H+

Production of new HCO3-

23
Q

Under normal conditions ________ HCO3- is excreted in the urine

A

Very little