PHYSIO

Question 1

Volume of blood

Answer 1

5 litres out of 45 l of fluids

Question 2

What is hematocrit

Answer 2

Volume percentage of RBCs in blood 45%

Question 3

Why RBCs are more in men than in women?

Answer 3

The effect of androgens

Question 4

The most abundant leukocyte

Answer 4

Neutrophils

Question 5

PH of blood with changes

Answer 5

Normal range = 7.35 - 7.45
Lower =acidosis
Higher= alkalosis
Less than 6.8 and higher than 8 causes death because it affects the enzymes and denatures proteins and affect k+ hydrogen levels and CNS

Question 6

Normal intracellular potassium percentage

Answer 6

98%

Question 7

The more acidic ?

Answer 7

Venous blood

Question 8

Where plasma proteins are produced

Answer 8

Generally in liver except for gamma globulins in lymphocytes

Question 9

Main plasma proteins

Answer 9

Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen
Prothrombin

Question 10

Plasma proteins

Answer 10

as building blocks of cells and tissues. They function
as enzymes, hormones, antibodies and transporters, they contribute to plasma
osmolarity and acid-base balance, they serve as an energy source under limiting
conditions

Question 11

Complete proteins

Answer 11

Poultry fish eggs

Question 12

Incomplete proteins

Answer 12

Causes amino acids deficiency

Question 13

Volume of blood in heart

Answer 13

5%

Question 14

Highest amount of blood in?

Answer 14

Veins

Question 15

What raises blood volume

Answer 15

Sex, pregnancy, muscular exercise, altitude, adrenaline injection

Question 16

What lowers blood volume

Answer 16

Posture, blood pressure

Question 17

Fetal life erythropoeisis

Answer 17

1 2 months by yolk sac
Then by liver and spleen
Then bone marrow and lymph nodes

Question 18

Post natal erythropoeisis

Answer 18

Bone marrow
In abnormal conditions liver and spleen
Confined to bones ( tibia ,femur,ribs, sternum, vertebrae and pelvis)

Question 19

Lifespan of erythrocyte

Answer 19

120 days

Question 20

In which stage haemoglobin isn’t produced

Answer 20

Mature red blood cell

Question 21

True or false The number of reticulocytes in peripheral blood is more than in bone marrow

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Vitamin b12 names

Answer 22

Extrinsic factor
Cyanocobalamin
Maturation factor

Question 23

What b12 deficiency affects

Answer 23

Mylein sheath
Neutrophils
Causes megaloblastic anemia (pernicious) hb synthesis stays normal
Mcv>100 ~150

Question 24

Causes of vitamin b12 deficiency

Answer 24

1-veganism
2- malabsorption …. gastric causes congenital lack of intrinsic factor or total or partial gastrectomy
Intestinal causes chronic tropical sprue , ileal resection

Question 25

Folic acid deficiency

Answer 25

Megaloblastic anemia
No effect on myelin sheath

Question 26

Causes of Folate deficiency

Answer 26

1. Inadequate dietary intake
2. Malabsorption: Celiac disease, jejunal resection, tropical sprue.
3. Increased requirements: Pregnancy, premature infant, chronic hemolytic
   anemia.

Question 27

Definite effects of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency:

Answer 27

1. Megaloblastic anemia.
2. Macrocytosis of epithelial cell surface.
3. Neuropathy (B12 deficiency only).
4. Sterility in severe anemia.
5. Rarely reversible melanin skin pigmentation.