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Physics- Year 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Wave

A

Transmitter of energy without the movement of particles from place to place. The vibration of particles or energy fields is involved

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2
Q

Transverse wave

A

Waves involving the vibrations of particles perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer
Travel at a right angle to the direction of energy transfer

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3
Q

Compression wave

A

Wave involving the vibrations of particles on the same direction as energy transfer
Particles move backwards and forwards in the same direction as energy transfer
Sound is a compression wave

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4
Q

Compression vs rarefaction

A 
Compression = pushed together 
Rarefactions= pushed apart
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5
Q

Frequency

A

Number of vibrations in one second or the number of wavelengths padding in one second
Measured in hertz (Hz)

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6
Q

Pitch

A

Highness or lowness of a sound. The pitch you hear depends on the frequency of the vibrating air

High frequency = high pitch

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7
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between two neighbouring crest or troughs of a wave. This is the distance between two vibrations particles in step.

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8
Q

Amplitude

A

Maximum distance that a particle moves away from its undisturbed position

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9
Q

Ultrasound

A

Sound with frequencies too high for humans to hear. Used in medicine to produce images of babies, gallstones, circulation problems and cancer

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10
Q

Sonar

A

Use of reflected sound waves to locate objects underwater. Used on ships, high frequency sound is transmitted from the ship. They calculate underwater objects by time taken for the echo to return= echolocation

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11
Q

Speed of sound

A
  • Speed is greater in liquids and solids cause particles are closer together
  • Speed of sound in air is greater at higher temps
  • Speed of sound in particular medium depends on how close the particles are to each other and how easy they are to push together
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12
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Complete range of wavelengths of energy radiated as electric and magnetic fields

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13
Q

Radio waves

A

Include the low energy waves that are used in radio and television. Also includes radar and microwaves. Has a much lower frequency and longer wavelength then visible light

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14
Q

Infrared Radiation

A

Invisible radiation emitted by all warm objects. Feel it as heat. Invisible to human eye

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15
Q

Visible light

A

Very small part of the electromagnetic spectrum which our eyes are sensitive. Necessary for the sense of sight

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16
Q

Ultraviolet radiation

A

Invisible radiation similar to light but a slightly higher frequency. Causes sunburn

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17
Q

X-rays

A

High-energy electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted through solids and provides informations about their structure

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18
Q

Gamma rays

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation produced during nuclear reactions. No mass and travels at speed of light

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19
Q

Order of the electromagnetic spectrum

A 
Gamma rays 
X-rays 
Ultra violet 
Infrared 
Radio waves
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20
Q

Difference between electromagnetic waves and sound waves

A

Electromagnetic are transverse waves and sound are longitudinal
Electromagnetic can travel through a vacuum and sound can’t
Electromagnetic travels at 300 000 000m/s and sound is lower than 330-350m/s

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21
Q

Rays

A

Light that are used to show path of a light

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22
Q

Beams

A

You can only see multiple rays together

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23
Q

Transparent

A

Describes a substance that allows most light to pass through it objects can be seen clearly through transparent substances

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24
Q

Translucent

A

Allowing light to pass through imperfectly eg, frosted glass

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25
Opaque
Does not allow any light to pass through it
26
How fast does light travel
300 000 000m/s
27
R O Y G B I V
``` red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet ```
28
White light
White light is the presence of all the colours of the visible spectrum. When light hits an object the white light contains all visible wavelength of light
29
Explain what happens when light strikes different surfaces
Light may bounce off the surface. This is reflection Light can travel through an object. This is transparent Light may be absorbed by the substance. This is opaque
30
Rarefaction
Change in speed of light as it passes from one substance to another. Invoked change in direction. Causes light to bend
31
Reflection
We can see ourselves when light is reflected from the mirror Whenever light is reflected from a smooth flat surface it reflects at the same angle it came. This is the law of reflection
32
Converge
Lines meet at a point
33
Convex
Curved outwards
34
Diverge
Separates from another route and go in different directions
35
Focal point
The focus for a beam of light rays
36
Biconvex
Describes a convex lens with both sides curved outwards
37
Reflection
Bouncing off the surface of a substance
38
Concave
Curved inwards
39
Incident ray
A ray of light that strikes the surface
40
Snells law
The ratio of the wines of the angle of incidence and refraction of a wave are constant when it passes between 2 medium
41
Biconcave
Concave on both sides
42
Real image
Collection of focus point actually made by converging rays
43
Virtual rays
Collection of focus points made by extensions of diverging rays
44
Mirrors
Reflected light rays converge from concave | Reflected light diverges from convex
45
Understand that energy can be transformed
In an electrical circuit electrical energy can be transformed and used for lighting cooling and much more. Energy is on it transformed when a circuit is complete
46
Electrical circuit
A path for electrons to follow conditions h of a power supply one or more loads and conductors joins the power supply and loads
47
Electrical charge
Physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force near other electrically charged matter. Can be positive or negativ
48
Evaluate simple electrical circuits and what is required for them to function
Power supply to provide the electrical energy A load which electrical energy is converted into other useful forms of energy (the filament in a light bulb) A conducting path that allows electrical charge to flow around the circuit
49
Voltage
A measure of the amount of electrical energy gained or lost by electrical charge as it moved through the circuit measured in volts
50
Electrical current
Flow of electrical charge. Measured in amps
51
Series circuit
A circuit with the Components joint one after the other in a single continuous loop if any part of the circuit is broken it won’t work
52
Parallel circuit
A circuit that has more than one path for electricity to flow through if one of the paths has a break in it the others will still work
53
Differences between series circuit in parallel circuit
In a series circuit all components share the voltage equally and have the same electrical current. In a parallel circuit they all have the same voltage and share the electrical current
54
Ammeter
Devised used to measure the amount of current in the circuit. Connected in series. Positive terminal of an ammeter should be placed in series so it’s closer to the positive terminal of a power supplies Use the positive terminal with the highest value first The scale has at least two sets of numbers on it use the set that matches the connected positive terminal
55
Voltmeter
Device used to measure the voltage across the component in a circuit. A volt meter should be connected in parallel with the part of the circuit across which the voltage is being measured positive terminal should always be closer to the positive power supply Use the positive terminal with the highest value first
56
Conduction
The transfer of heat through a substance as a result of neighbouring vibration particles particles an area of high temperatures vibrate faster than others in regions of lower temperature solids are better conductors than liquids and gases
57
Convection
Particles in liquids and solids are able to move around more easily conduction is the transfer of heat through the flow of particles
58
Radiation
Radiation is heat transfer without the presence of any particles heat from the sun reaches the Earth by radiation
59
Resistance
Resistance is the power of with standing or opposing something it’s the tendency to resist electron flow Electrical resistance is the measure of how difficult the electrical current is the flow through
60
Variables resistance is measured in
I= current (amps) V= voltage (V) R=resistance (ohms)
61
Ohms law
V=IxR
62
Law of refraction
the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is equal to the ratio of the velocity of the ray in the first medium to the velocity in the second medium and the incident ray

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