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Science > Geology > Flashcards

Geology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the layers of the earth

A

Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core

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2
Q

What is lustre

A

How it reflects light

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3
Q

Streak

A

Powdery mark left from being scraped

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4
Q

Hardness

A

Determined by scratching minerals together

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5
Q

What is and extrustive rock

A

Extrusive rocks are formed from lava above the surface

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6
Q

What is an igneous rock

A

Formed from cooling magma below the earth crust or lava

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7
Q

What is an igneous rock formed under water

A

Extrusive

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8
Q

What factors how extrusive rocks look

A

How quickly they cool and what substances it contains

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9
Q

When lava cools quickly crystals are ….

A

Small

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10
Q

When lava cools slowly crystals are …

A

Big

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11
Q

How are air bubbles formed

A

When volcanoes shoot our lava filled with gas and the lava cools quickly mid air

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12
Q

Pumice

A

Pale coloured
Light as full of tiny holes
Can float on water

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13
Q

Scoria

A

Heavier than pumice
Dark as it contains iron
Reddish brown or grey

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14
Q

Basalt

A

Extrusive
Takes on many appearances
Basalt crystals can be different sizes

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15
Q

Obsidian

A 
Smooth 
Black rock looks like glass 
Formed when lava cools almost instantly 
No crystals 
Sometimes very fine bubbles
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16
Q

Granite

A

Has large crystals

Very hard

17
Q

What is a sedimentary rock

A

Rocks formed from particles of sediments

18
Q

How are sediments deposited

A

When weathered rocks are moved due to rain, wind, ect.

Erosion

19
Q

How are sand dunes formed

A

Sand deposited by wind

20
Q

How is sandstone formed

A

From grains of sand that have been cemented together over a period of time.

21
Q

How are mudstone and shale formed

A

Fro, finer grains of sediments that are deposited by calm water in the form of mud

22
Q

Rocks can change in the surface due to

A

Weathering, cracking, bending and erosion

23
Q

Rocks can change underground because of …

A

Due to heat and pressure

24
Q

Metamorphism

A

Process of changing

25
Q

Metamorphic rocks

A

Rocks that have changed usually due to heat and pressure

26
Q

Shale turns to what

A

Slate

Because of heat and pressure

27
Q

The changes that happen in metamorphic rocks is because of

A
  • type of original rock
  • amount of heat and pressure
  • how quick they change
28
Q

Sandstone turns to

A

Quartzite

29
Q

Limestone turns to

A

Marble

30
Q

What is a large body of instructive rock called

A

Batholiths

31
Q

Floodplain

A

Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

32
Q

Glacier

A

Large bodies of ice

33
Q

Moraine

A

Deposits left by movement of a glacier

34
Q

Conglomerate

A

Sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

35
Q

What makes the lithosphere

A

Earths crust and top of mantle

Science (5 decks)

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