Physics Test (B1-B4) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of systems?

A

Isolated, Open, and Closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Isolated System

A

Cannot exchange thermal, energy, work or matter with its surroundings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Open Stsrem

A

Can exchange thermal energy, work and matter with its surroundings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Closed System

A

Can exchange thermal energy or work with its surroundings but not matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of energy is the internal energy of an Ideal Gas?

A

It is all kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The First Law of Thermodynamics

A

States that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Q symbol

A

Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

U symbol

A

Internal Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Isothermal Process

A

Temperature remains constant
ΔU=o
Q=W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Isovolumetric Process

A

Volume is constant. No Work done on or by gas.
W=0
Q=ΔU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adiabatic Process

A

No thermal energy is exchanged between the gas and its surroundings.

Q=0
ΔU=-W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Isobaric Process

A

Pressure is constant
Q=ΔU+W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Isotherms

A

Lines where temperature is constant along a pV diagram.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Thermodynamic Cycle

A

A sequence of processes which vary the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you find work done by a system with a thermodynamic cycle?

A

The enclosed area on the pV diagram equates to the work done.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Heat Engine

A

Converts thermal energy into mechanical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Thermal Efficiency η equals?

A

Useful Work Output / Energy Input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Entropy

A

A measurement of the disorder of a system. The more particles in a system move the greater the disorder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Entropy’s Symbol?

A

S (Units: J/K)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

At constant temperature, all thermodynamic processes are irreversible. The entropy of the universe increases with time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carnot Cycle

A

A theoretical concept for the most efficient cycle of a heat engine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 4 parts of a Carnot Cycle?

A
  • Isothermal Expansion
    -Adiabatic Expansion
    -Isothermal Compression
    -Adiabatic Compression
23
Q

Microstate

A

A possible combination of microscopic properties for a thermodynamic system

24
Q

Temperature

A

Measurement of the average Kinetic Energy per particle in a material

25
Thermal Equilibrium
They have if they have the same temperature
26
Internal Energy
Total kinetic energy of particles in a substance plus the potential energy stored in the bonds between the particles.
27
Specific Heat Capacity
A measurement of how many Joules of heat is required to change the temperature of 1kg of mass by 1 degree Celsius or Kelvin.
28
Freezing Point
0 Celsius
29
Boiling point
100 Celsius
30
Calculate Kelvin from Celsius
T=0 Celsius + 273 = Kelvin
31
Absolute Zero
Almost all molecular movement has stopped.
32
Boltzmann Constant
Links microscopic particle energies to macroscopic temperature measurements.
33
Thermal Conduction
KE transferred between particles
34
Thermal Convection
Differences in densities of liquids and gases result in their movement.
35
Thermal Radiation
Electromagnetic radiation is emitted by surfaces.
36
Thermal Conductivity (k)
Constant that represents substance's ability to conduct thermal energy.
37
Black Body
Surface that absorbs all of the Infared and light
38
Luminosity
Total power of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a star (SI Unit: W)
39
Wiens Displacement Law
Related absolute temp and wavelength emitted with max power by a black body at that temp.
40
Calorimeter
apparatus designed for experiments investigating thermal energy transfers.
41
Latent Heat
Thermal energy that is transferred at constant temperature during any change of physical phase.
42
Solar Constan
Intensity of the suns radiation
43
Albedo
scatter or reflected power (total scattered power/total incident power)
44
Scattering
Irregular reflections of waves or particles because of matter.
45
Emissivity
Power radiated by an object divided by the power radiated by a black body of the same surface area and Temperature.
46
What are the Greenhouse gasses?
CO2, Methane (Ch4), H20, Nitrous Oxide (N20)
47
Pressure (P)
Force acting normally per unit area (Force/Area)
48
Amount of Substance (n)
n=Na (avogandros constant)/N (number of molecules)
49
Boyles Law
Pressure of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to volume. PV=PV
50
Pressure law
For fixed amount of gas with constant volume. P/T=P/T
51
Charles Law
V/T=V/T
52
What happens to gas under extreme conditions?
Real gas doesn't function like normal
53
Ideal Gas
1. No IMFs (so No PE) 2. All collisions perfectly elastic 3. volume of particles is negligible compared to volume of container. 4. contains a large # of particles 5. particles are moving at randoms speeds and directions