Physics Test (B1-B4)

Question 1

What are the 3 types of systems?

Answer 1

Isolated, Open, and Closed

Question 2

Isolated System

Answer 2

Cannot exchange thermal, energy, work or matter with its surroundings.

Question 3

Open Stsrem

Answer 3

Can exchange thermal energy, work and matter with its surroundings.

Question 4

Closed System

Answer 4

Can exchange thermal energy or work with its surroundings but not matter.

Question 5

What kind of energy is the internal energy of an Ideal Gas?

Answer 5

It is all kinetic energy

Question 6

The First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 6

States that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system.

Question 7

Q symbol

Answer 7

Heat

Question 8

U symbol

Answer 8

Internal Energy

Question 9

Isothermal Process

Answer 9

Temperature remains constant
ΔU=o
Q=W

Question 10

Isovolumetric Process

Answer 10

Volume is constant. No Work done on or by gas.
W=0
Q=ΔU

Question 11

Adiabatic Process

Answer 11

No thermal energy is exchanged between the gas and its surroundings.

Q=0
ΔU=-W

Question 12

Isobaric Process

Answer 12

Pressure is constant
Q=ΔU+W

Question 13

Isotherms

Answer 13

Lines where temperature is constant along a pV diagram.

Question 14

Thermodynamic Cycle

Answer 14

A sequence of processes which vary the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas.

Question 15

How do you find work done by a system with a thermodynamic cycle?

Answer 15

The enclosed area on the pV diagram equates to the work done.

Question 16

Heat Engine

Answer 16

Converts thermal energy into mechanical energy

Question 17

Thermal Efficiency η equals?

Answer 17

Useful Work Output / Energy Input

Question 18

Entropy

Answer 18

A measurement of the disorder of a system. The more particles in a system move the greater the disorder.

Question 19

What is Entropy’s Symbol?

Answer 19

S (Units: J/K)

Question 20

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 20

At constant temperature, all thermodynamic processes are irreversible. The entropy of the universe increases with time.

Question 21

Carnot Cycle

Answer 21

A theoretical concept for the most efficient cycle of a heat engine.

Question 22

What are the 4 parts of a Carnot Cycle?

Answer 22

• Isothermal Expansion
  -Adiabatic Expansion
  -Isothermal Compression
  -Adiabatic Compression

Question 23

Microstate

Answer 23

A possible combination of microscopic properties for a thermodynamic system

Question 24

Temperature

Answer 24

Measurement of the average Kinetic Energy per particle in a material

Question 25

Thermal Equilibrium

Answer 25

They have if they have the same temperature

Question 26

Internal Energy

Answer 26

Total kinetic energy of particles in a substance plus the potential energy stored in the bonds between the particles.

Question 27

Specific Heat Capacity

Answer 27

A measurement of how many Joules of heat is required to change the temperature of 1kg of mass by 1 degree Celsius or Kelvin.

Question 28

Freezing Point

Answer 28

0 Celsius

Question 29

Boiling point

Answer 29

100 Celsius

Question 30

Calculate Kelvin from Celsius

Answer 30

T=0 Celsius + 273 = Kelvin

Question 31

Absolute Zero

Answer 31

Almost all molecular movement has stopped.

Question 32

Boltzmann Constant

Answer 32

Links microscopic particle energies to macroscopic temperature measurements.

Question 33

Thermal Conduction

Answer 33

KE transferred between particles

Question 34

Thermal Convection

Answer 34

Differences in densities of liquids and gases result in their movement.

Question 35

Thermal Radiation

Answer 35

Electromagnetic radiation is emitted by surfaces.

Question 36

Thermal Conductivity (k)

Answer 36

Constant that represents substance’s ability to conduct thermal energy.

Question 37

Black Body

Answer 37

Surface that absorbs all of the Infared and light

Question 38

Luminosity

Answer 38

Total power of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a star (SI Unit: W)

Question 39

Wiens Displacement Law

Answer 39

Related absolute temp and wavelength emitted with max power by a black body at that temp.

Question 40

Calorimeter

Answer 40

apparatus designed for experiments investigating thermal energy transfers.

Question 41

Latent Heat

Answer 41

Thermal energy that is transferred at constant temperature during any change of physical phase.

Question 42

Solar Constan

Answer 42

Intensity of the suns radiation

Question 43

Albedo

Answer 43

scatter or reflected power (total scattered power/total incident power)

Question 44

Scattering

Answer 44

Irregular reflections of waves or particles because of matter.

Question 45

Emissivity

Answer 45

Power radiated by an object divided by the power radiated by a black body of the same surface area and Temperature.

Question 46

What are the Greenhouse gasses?

Answer 46

CO2, Methane (Ch4), H20, Nitrous Oxide (N20)

Question 47

Pressure (P)

Answer 47

Force acting normally per unit area (Force/Area)

Question 48

Amount of Substance (n)

Answer 48

n=Na (avogandros constant)/N (number of molecules)

Question 49

Boyles Law

Answer 49

Pressure of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to volume. PV=PV

Question 50

Pressure law

Answer 50

For fixed amount of gas with constant volume.
P/T=P/T

Question 51

Charles Law

Answer 51

V/T=V/T

Question 52

What happens to gas under extreme conditions?

Answer 52

Real gas doesn’t function like normal

Question 53

Ideal Gas

Answer 53

1. No IMFs (so No PE)
2. All collisions perfectly elastic
3. volume of particles is negligible compared to volume of container.
4. contains a large # of particles
5. particles are moving at randoms speeds and directions