Physics Terms Flashcards
Matter
Any substance that has mass and takes up space
Mass
A measure of quantity of matter in an object
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together
Weight
A measure of the pull of gravity acting on the mass of an object
Impenetrability
No two objects that can occupy the same place at the same time
Density
The weight of a substance per unit volume OR A measure of how compact the mass is in a substance or object
Specific Gravity
The ratio of the mass of a solid or liquid to the mass of an equal volume of water
SG of water is 1.000
SG of Air is 1.000
Hydrometer
An instrument used to determine/measure the Specific Gravity of liquids
Energy
Something that gives us the capacity
Potential Energy
Energy that is stored/at rest
Example: Your phone on the table
Kinetic Energy
Energy due to motion
Example: An airplane rolling down the runway
Force
The intensity of an impetus, or the intensity of an input (The amount of pressure given to an area)
Work
The amount of energy transferred by force (A force acting through a distance)
Friction
The action of one surface or object rubbing against another
Static Friction (Starting Friction)
A force that keeps an object at rest
Example: A book sitting on a table
Sliding Friction
The resistance created by any 2 objects when sliding against each other
Example: Sledding or a car sliding on ice
Rolling Friction
The frictional force that occurs when one object rolls on another
BTU (British Thermal Unit)
A unit measurement for heat and is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit
BTU is capable of 778 ft-lb of work
Power
The rate at which an aircraft transfers energy or does work
(How long it takes to accomplish the work)
Horsepower
A measure of power equal to 550 foot-pounds per second or 33,000 foot-pounds per minute and 746 watts
Torque
The force that causes an object to rotate around an axis
(This causes twisting)
Simple Machines
The most basic machines with few parts that can modify motion and force to perform work
Screws hold assemblies together.
Pulleys that transmit power to.
Levers that actuate different assemblies and components.
Mechanical Advantage
A ratio of the output force to the input force of a simple machine (A comparison)
The Lever
The simplest machine that uses a beam.
There are 3 basic parts in all levers, Fulcrum, Effort, Resistance (Load)
The Pulley
Simple mechanical devices that use one or more wheels and a cable to apply pulling force in airplanes
Single Fixed Pulley
A type of pulley that’s attached to a fixed axis and can’t move. It can’t reduce effort, it only changes the direction of motion.
(This is viewed as a 1st class lever)
(It’s MA =1 because it’s supported by 1 rope)
Single Movable Pulley
A pulley that’s free to move up and down, and is attached to a ceiling or other object.
(This pulley will act as a 2nd class lever)
(It’s MA = 2 because it’s supported by 2 ropes)
Block and Tackle
A system consisting of 2 or more pulleys with a rope, cable, or chain between them.
(Some are fixed and some are movable)
The Gear
The gears with teeth
(They act like a 1st class lever when one gear drives the other)
(The. gear with the input force is called the “Drive Gear” and the other is called “The Driven Gear”)
Inclined Plane
A simple machine that allows the raising or lowering of heavy objects by using the normal force of the plane
Stress
The internal resistance of an object to external forces attempting to strain or deform that object
(Stress is measured in psi)
Tension
The force that tries to pull an object apart by pulling in opposite directions along the same straight line
Compression
A force that tries to crush an object, this applies to pressure and exertion against an object to become squeezed or compacted
Torsion
The loading case that creates a twisting movement
(Which is what happens when torsion is applied to a shaft)
Bending
A combination of tension and compression
Example: When the force of lift causes the skin on the top of the wing to compress and the skin on the bottom of the wing to be under tension
Shear
When shear stress is applied to an object the force trues to cut or slice through
Example: A knife cutting through butter
Strain
A change in shape on an object due to stress (applied force)
Motion
The study of bodies or objects and the force acting on them
(Force and Motion)
Uniform Motion
When the distance the object moves remains the same for a given period of time, which means it always stay at constant speed
Speed and Velocity
Speed refers to how fast an object is moving or how far
Velocity refers to speed and direction of an object
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity
(Measured in 32.2 fps/s)
Absolute Zero
The lowest temp possible. At the temp of absolute 0 there is no motion and no heat, it’s the coldest temp
Circular Motion
The motion of an object along a curved path that has a constant radius
Example: The moon orbiting around the earth
Centripetal Force
A force acting toward the center of the curve defined by the curving flight path
Centrifugal Force
A force acting away from the center of the curve traced out by the curving flight path
Heat
Energy that’s transferred from one body to another as a result of a difference in temp
Thermal Efficiency
The ability to convert the chemical energy of the fuel into mechanical work
Convection
The transfer of heat between 2 bodies by currents of moving gas or fluid
Example:
Conduction
When heat moves from one object to another through direct heat touch
Example: Boiling water on a stove
Radiation
A process where heat waves are emitted that may be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted through a colder body
Example: A bonfire
Specific Heat
A heat required to raise the temp of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount
Temperature
The measure of heat or cold expressed in terms of C or F
Pressure
The amount of force acting on a specific amount of surface area
Gauge pressure
Pressure variations from ambient pressure
Means the system will read the pressure to its maximum but once it turns off its pressure drops to 0.
Starts at 0 as well.
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Describes a gas as a large number of particles like atoms or molecules, all of which are in constant, random motion
Absolute Pressure
Pressure that includes atmospheric pressure, which is 14.7 psi or whatever it may be where you are but never is 0.
Used to determine altitude by measuring air pressure in the atmosphere.
Differential Pressure (psid)
The difference in pressure between 2 different locations within a system
Boyles Law
The volume of a container decreases, the pressure of the gas inside will increase
Charles Law
Explains how gases expand as they are heated
Daltons law
The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressure that each gas would give out independently
Buoyancy
An object that’s less dense than water floats because the water is heavier than the object
Fluid Pressure
A measurement of the force per unit area that acts on an object in the fluid or on a closed containers surface by height not shape
Pascals Law
That pressure set up in a fluid acts equally in all directions
Bernoullis Principle
Explains the action of a liquid flowing through the varying cross sectional areas of tubes
Example: A tube is shown in which the cross-sectional area gradually decreases to a minimum diameter in its center section. A tube constructed in this manner is called a “venturi,” or “venturi tube.” Where the cross-sectional area is decreasing, the passageway is referred to as a converging duct.
Example 2: The flow of air over an airplane wing or the flow of water through a pipe
Sound
A series of disturbances in matter that the human ear can detect
Wave Motion
The transfer of energy and momentum from one point of the medium to another point of the medium without the actual transport of matter between two points
Example: Ripples in water
Speed of Sound
How fast vibrations travel
Mach Number
The ratio of flow velocity after a certain limit of the sounds speed
Frequency of Sound
The number of times per second that a sound pressure wave repeats itself
Doppler Effect
The increase or decrease in the frequency of sound, light or waves as the source moves toward or away from each other
(it explains why the sound from an airplane seems different as it approaches compared to how it sounds as it flies overhead)
The Atmosphere
Data available about the atmosphere may determine whether a flight will succeed, or whether it will even become airborne
Resonance
The occurrence of a vibrating object causing another object to vibrate a higher amplitude (A principle of sound waves)
If two pieces of matter have the same natural frequency, and one of them starts to vibrate, it can transfer its wave energy to the other one and cause it to vibrate
Barometer
An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure.
(Determining that air has weight which changes as altitude is changed with respect to sea level)
Atmospheric Pressure
The weight of atmosphere on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to earth
Atmospheric Density (Density Altitude)
Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temp
Absolute Humidity
The actual amount of the water vapor in a mixture of air and water
(The higher the amount of water vapor, the higher the absolute humidity)
Relative Humidity
The ratio of water vapor currently in the air to the amount that would be present if the air were saturated
Dew Point
The temperature to which humid air must be cooled at constant pressure to become saturated
Vapor Pressure
The pressure exerted by the gas in equilibrium with a solid or liquid in a closed container at a given temperature
Aircraft Theory of Flight
Heavier-than-air flight is made possible by a careful balance of four physical forces: lift, drag, weight, and thrust. For flight, an aircraft’s lift must balance its weight, and its thrust must exceed its drag. A plane uses its wings for lift and its engines for thrust
Subsonic Flow
A fluid passing with a speed of about 0.3 times the sound of speed
Chord line
The chord line is an imaginary straight line running from the wing’s leading edge to its trailing edge
(The angle between the chord line and the longitudinal axis of the airplane is known as the angle of incidence)
Relative Wind
If the flight path is forward and upward then the relative wind is backward or upward.
Example: You push your hand forward but feel wind then that’s your hand going one direction and the wind going another
(It’s the opposite direction of the aircraft flight path, airflow of opposite direction)
If the flight path is forward then the relative wind is backward.
If the flight path is forward and upward, then the relative wind is backward and downward.
If the flight path is forward and downward, then the relative wind is backward and upward.
Airfoils
Any device that creates a force based on Bernoullis principle or Newtons laws, when air is caused to flow over the surface of the device
Example: An airfoil can be the wing of an airplane (An airplane wing has a special shape called an airfoil)
Camber
The camber of a wing is the curvature which is present on top and bottom surface
Angle of Attack
The angle between the chord line and the relative wind
Boundary Layer Airflow
A very thin layer of air lying over the surface of the wing and all other surfaces of the airplane
(The air flow that’s closest to and in contact with the aircraft surface)
Boundary Layer Control
Methods of controlling the behavior of fluid flow boundary layers
Other methods of controlling boundary layer air include wing leading edge slots, air suction through small holes on the wing’s upper surface, and the use of devices called vortex generators
Axes on an aircraft
On the brightly colored airplane shown in Figure 5-60, the three axes are shown in the colors red (vertical axis), blue (longitudinal axis), and orange (lateral axis). The flight control that makes the airplane move around the axis is shown in a matching color.
The rudder, in red, causes the airplane to move around the vertical axis and this movement is described as being a yaw. The elevator, in orange, causes the airplane to move around the lateral axis and this movement is described as being a pitch. The ailerons, in blue, cause the airplane to move around the longitudinal axis and this movement is described as being a roll.
on page 199
Wingtip Vortices
Circular patterns of rotating air left behind a wing as it generates lift
Wingtip vortices are caused by the air beneath the wing, which is at the higher pressure, flowing over the wingtip and up toward the top of the wing
Aircraft Stability
Used to describe how the airplane will act when subjected to an outside disturbance, either natural or due to control inputs.
When an airplane is in straight-and-level flight at a constant velocity, all the forces acting on the airplane are in equilibrium. If that straight-and-level flight is disrupted by a disturbance in the air, such as wake turbulence, the airplane might pitch up or down, yaw left or right, or go into a roll. If the airplane has what is characterized as stability, once the disturbance goes away, the airplane will return to a state of equilibrium.
Static Stability
The initial tendency of an aircraft to return to its original position when it’s disturbed (once the aircraft is pushed up it’ll stay going higher)
(If the static stability is positive, the airplane will tend to return to its original position after the disruptive force is removed. If the static stability is negative, the airplane will continue to move away from its original position after the disruptive force is removed)
Dynamic Stability
The amount of time it takes for it to react to its static stability after it has been displaced from a condition of equilibrium.
(A neg dynamic stability means it’ll get strong the stability and not go back to normal but a pos one will eventually go back to normal)
Example on page 200 figure 5-61
Longitudinal Stability
The tendency for the nose to pitch up or pitch down, rotating around the lateral axis, which is measured from wingtip to wingtip
Lateral Stability
The tendency of an airplane to level its wing during yaw
(Longitudinal stability for an airplane involves the tendency for the nose to pitch up or pitch down, rotating around the lateral axis, which is measured from wingtip to wingtip)
(takes place around the longitudinal axis, which is from the airplane’s nose to its tail. If one wing is lower than the other, good lateral stability will tend to bring the wings back to a level flight attitude)
Example on page 200
Anti-servo Tabs
Serves to make the controls feel heavier to the pilot, and also to increase the stability of that control surface.
( similar to balance tabs, but they move in the opposite direction)
Flight Controls and the Vertical Axis
The vertical axis of an airplane runs from top to bottom through the middle of the airplane, passing through the center of gravity. Movement around this axis is known as yaw, and control around this axis is called directional control. Movement around this axis is controlled by the rudder
Directional Stability
Movement of the airplane around its vertical axis, and the airplane’s ability to not be adversely affected by a force creating a yaw type of motion
( stability of a moving body or vehicle about an axis which is perpendicular to its direction of motion)
Example on page 201
Flight Control Surfaces
The means by which a pilot controls the direction and attitude of an aircraft in flight.
Dutch Roll
A Dutch roll is a small amount of oscillation around both the longitudinal and vertical axes
(Although this condition is not considered dangerous, it can produce an uncomfortable feeling for passengers. Commercial airliners typically have yaw dampers that sense a Dutch roll condition and cancel it out)
Flight Controls and the Lateral Axis
The lateral axis of an airplane is a line that runs below the wing, from wingtip to wingtip, passing through the airplane’s center of gravity. Movement around this axis is called pitch, and control around this axis is called longitudinal control. The flight control that handles this job is the elevator attached to the horizontal stabilizer, a fully moving horizontal stabilizer, or on a v-tail configured airplane, it is called ruddervators.
Flight Controls and the Longitudinal Axis
The longitudinal axis of the airplane runs through the middle of the airplane, from nose to tail, passing through the center of gravity. Movement around this axis is known as roll, and control around this axis is called lateral control. Movement around this axis is controlled by the ailerons, and on jet transport airplanes, it is aided by surfaces on the wing known as spoilers.
Tabs (Trim Tabs)
Trim tabs are small movable surfaces that attach to the trailing edge of flight controls
(These tabs can be controlled from the flight deck, and their purpose is to create an aerodynamic force that keeps the flight control in a deflected position. Trim tabs can be installed on any of the primary flight controls)
Dihedral
An upward wing angle, with respect to the horizontal, and it is usually just a few degrees
Example on page 201 Figure 5-63
Balance Tabs
They look like Trim tabs but they have one major difference, balance tabs are attached to the control surface linkage, o when the control surface is moved in one direction, the balance tab moves in the opposite direction.
Servo tab
A small hinged device installed on an aircraft control surface to assist the movement of the control surfaces.
(The servo tab is acting like a balance tab, but rather than assisting the normal force that moves the elevator, it becomes the sole force that makes the elevator move. Like the balance tab, the servo tab moves in the opposite direction of the flight control’s trailing edge)
Flaps (Wing Flap)
(Figure 5-72 on page 204 shows all flight controls)
The most often used lift-modifying device, for small airplanes and large
Flaps change the camber of the wing, and they increase both the lift and the drag for any given angle of attack. The four different types of flaps in use are called the plain, split, slotted, and Fowler. [Figure 5-73]
Supplemental Lift-Modifying Devices
To give the wing the ability to produce maximum low speed lift without being drag prohibitive, retractable high lift devices, such as flaps and slats, are utilized.
Leading Edge Slots
Ducts or passages in the leading edge of a wing that allow high pressure air from the bottom of the wing to flow to the top of the wing
This ducted air flows over the top of the wing at a high velocity and helps keep the boundary layer air from becoming turbulent and separating from the wing.
Leading Edge Slots
Leading edge slots serve the same purpose as slots, the difference being that slats are movable and can be retracted when not needed.
The Speed of Sound
It’s how fast vibrations travel
The speed of sound is also known as Mach 1
Subsonic, Transonic, and Supersonic Flight
How fast an airplane can fly and still be considered in subsonic flight varies with the design of the wing, but as a Mach number, it will typically be just over Mach 0.8.
Normal Shock Wave
Occurs when a supersonic flow encounters a sudden change in flow area or a stationary obstacle
(When an airplane is in transonic flight, the shock wave that forms on top of the wing, and eventually on the bottom of the wing)
Example on page 207 figure 5-77
Shock Waves
Sound coming from an airplane is the result of the air being disturbed as the airplane moves through it, and the resulting pressure waves that radiate out from the source of the disturbance
Supersonic Flight
Flight that is faster than Mach 1 is Supersonic
Subsonic Flight
The condition where an aircraft is flying at speeds below the speed of sound
Oblique Shock Wave
A shock wave that, unlike a normal shock, is inclined with respect to the direction of incoming air
(An airplane that is designed to fly supersonic will have very sharp edged surfaces, in order to have the least amount of drag. When the airplane is in supersonic flight, the sharp leading edge and trailing edge of the wing will have shock waves attach to them. These shock waves are known as oblique shock waves. Behind an oblique shock wave the velocity of the air is lower, but still supersonic, and the static pressure and density are higher)
Expansion Wave
An expansion wave is not a shock wave
Aerodynamic Heating
The heating of a solid body produced by its high speed passage through air
What are the main parts that make up a helicopter:
The cabin
The landing gear
The tail boom
The power plant
The transmission
The main rotor
& the tail rotor
Main rotor system
It’s the rotating part of a helicopter which generates lift
(The rotor consists of a mast, hub, and rotor blades. The mast is a hollow cylindrical metal shaft which extends upwards from and is driven and sometimes supported by the transmission)
What’s the main rotor function?
It provides the lift that allows the helicopter to fly, as well as the control that allows the helicopter to move laterally, make turns and change altitude
What’s the main function of the cabin in a helicopter?
the enclosed space for the pilot, cargo, or especially passengers in an air or space vehicle
What’s the function of the landing gear in a helicopter?
To enable the aircraft for a taxi, safe landing and takeoff, and to support the aircraft in the rest of the ground operation.
What’s the function of the tail boom in a helicopter?
The tail booms are configured to support the aircraft during a retracted-landing-gear landing on a generally level landing surface so that the lowermost point of the propeller is prevented from contacting the landing surface when the aircraft contacts the landing surface.
What’s the function of the transmission in a helicopter?
Helps deliver the power from an engine to the wheels
What’s the function of the power plant in a helicopter?
To produce thrust to propel an aircraft
What’s the function of the tail rotor in a helicopter?
To control the heading of the helicopter while hovering or when making hovering turns, as well as counteracting the torque of the main rotor. Hovering turns are commonly referred to as “pedal turns.”
Thrust
The force which moves an aircraft through the air
(Thrust is used to overcome the drag of an airplane, and to overcome the weight of a rocket. Thrust is generated by the engines of the aircraft through some kind of propulsion system.)
Drag
The aerodynamic force that opposes an aircraft’s motion through the air
(Drag is generated by every part of the airplane (even the engines!). How is drag generated? Drag is a mechanical force. It is generated by the interaction and contact of a solid body with a fluid (liquid or gas)
Vortex Generator
A small aerodynamic device installed on an aircraft’s wings or other parts
(Its primary function is to control the airflow over the wing, delaying flow separation and thus improving the aircraft’s aerodynamic performance, especially at low speeds)
Redundancy in aircraft systems
Serves as a critical safety net, minimizing the risk of catastrophic failures resulting from a single point of malfunction
(This multi-layered approach ensures that if one system encounters an issue, another seamlessly takes over, providing enhanced safety for both crew and passengers)
Fire wall in an aircraft
A fire-resistant bulkhead that maintains a buffer between the body of the aircraft and the engine compartment
( The firewall’s location between hazardous liquids, gases, and temperatures and an airplane’s vulnerable occupants makes it a critical part)
The angle of incidence
An angle between the longitudinal axis and chord line on the wing
Fuselage
The “body” on an aircraft or, specifically, the large outer shell that encompasses the aircraft’s main body.
Yaw (Motion)
Yaw is controlled with the rudder of the airplane.
(Motion) A side to side movement of the nose of the aircraft
Wash out
When the wing has higher incidence at the wing root than at the wing tip.
This gets the wing root to stall first then the wing tip so it’s decreasing the angle of incidence in the wing. This way the whole wing doesn’t stall and you can correct.
Pitch (Motion)
The rotation of the aircraft around a side-to-side axis.
(It can be thought of as the “up and down” or “nodding” motion of the airplane )
Rudder (Motion)
A primary flight control surface which controls rotation about the vertical axis of an aircraft
(Because the rudder moves, it varies the amount of force generated by the tail surface and is used to generate and control the yawing motion of the aircraft.)
Elevators (Motion)
The flight control that makes the aircraft pitch around the lateral axis
(That means it makes the nose go up and down. On takeoff, the elevator pitches the nose up during rotation. In essence, just like an elevator in a building, the elevator makes the plane go up and down.)
Ailerons
Movable part of an airplane wing that is controlled by the pilot and permits him to roll the aircraft around its longitudinal axis.
(Ailerons are thus used primarily to bank the aircraft for turning.)
Neutral Static stability
When the aircraft tends to stay in their new altitude when they’re disturbed
Example: If you hit turbulence and your nose pitches up 5 degrees and then immediately after that it stays at 5 degrees nose up, your aircraft has neutral static stability
Stall
When there’s no differential from there top to bottom of a wing
Roll (Motion)
The motion of the aircraft rocking back and forth.
(In roll, the airplane’s wings are tilting up and down. When the left wing is tilted up, the right is necessarily pointed down, and vice versa. Roll is controlled with the airplane’s ailerons.)
RudderVators
The control surfaces on an aircraft with a V-tail shape, located at the edge of each airfoil making up the tail of the plane
(They provide pitch control)
Horizontal Stabilizer
A fixed wing section whose job is to provide stability for the aircraft, to keep it flying straight
(At the rear of the fuselage of most aircraft one finds a horizontal stabilizer and an elevator
It also prevents up and down, or pitching, motion of the aircraft nose)
Yoke (Control Wheel)
The yoke controls the airplanes ailerons, and for the elevators
Rudder Pedals
A foot operated aircraft flight control interface for controlling the rudder of an aircraft
Helicopter Structures and Airfoils
It’s the rotor blade, or airfoil that’s the structure which makes it possible for flight
Rotor Blade
A long thin airfoil on a helicopter rotor that rotates to provide the lift that supports a helicopter in the air
Anti-torque Systems
Helicopters include anti-torque mechanisms to maintain stability and balance.
(These devices offset the main rotor’s Torque and prevent the helicopter from spinning out of control)
Helicopter axes of flight
Lateral axis
Longitudinal axis
Vertical axis
What the Longitudinal Axis controls:
This axis runs from nose to tail in the aircraft. This is the axis around which the aircraft rolls
What the Lateral axis controls:
Its the elevator attached to the horizontal stabilizer, which can be deflected up or down as the pilot moves control backward or forward
Cockpit controls are:
Cyclic Pitch Control
Anti-Torque pedals
Collective Pitch Control
Cyclic Pitch Control
This allows the pilot to fly the helicopter in any direction of travel: forward, backward, left, and right.
(It’s used to imitate turns or up or down pitches)
Collective Pitch Control
This helps the pilot control ascent and descent during hovering (Up and down)
(Used to make changes to the pitch angle of the main rotor blades)
Hovering
To stay in one place in the air, usually by moving the wings quickly
(When an airplane is descending, it appears to be moving slowly towards us, even though its speed is relatively constant)
Helicopter Blade Flapping
Meaning an up and down rotation, through an angle in a plane which contains both blade and the shaft
Ground Effect
The reduced aerodynamic drag that an aircraft’s wings generate when they are close to a fixed surface
(Ground effect is the name given to the aerodynamic phenomenon that occurs when a body with different pressure in the area above it and the area below is very close to the earth’s surface causing changes in the air flow.)
Advancing Blade
The blade moving in the same direction as the helicopter
Retreating Blade
The blade moving in the opposite direction of the helicopter
Auto Rotation
The upward flow of relative wind permits the main rotor blades to rotate at their normal speed. In effect, the blades are “gliding” in their rotational plane.
Carburetors
Used to mix fuel and air together before sending the mix into the engine cylinders for ignition, powering the
aircraft
(The carburetor sits atop the engine block beneath the air filter, and operates using a combination of vacuum power and cable control.)
Combustion Chamber
The area inside an engine where the combustion of fuel takes place
Magnetos
An electromechanical device that provides the electrical energy needed to ignite the fuel-air mixture in aircraft internal combustion engines
(They are critical parts in the ignition system, and are mainly used in piston aircraft engines.)
Ignition Switch
Provides the spark plugs with the electrical current needed to perform their job.
(Activating the ignition switch in an airplane will provide a jolt of electricity to the spark plugs.)
Pre-Ignition
The ignition of the air- fuel charge while the piston is still compressing the charge.
(The ignition source can be caused by a cracked spark plug tip, carbon or lead deposits in the combustion chamber, or a burned exhaust valve, anything that can act as a glow plug to ignite the charge prematurely.)
Detonation
An explosion of the fuel-air mixture inside the cylinder.
(It occurs after the compression stroke near or after top dead center. During detonation, the fuel/air charge (or pockets within the charge) explodes rather than burning smoothly._
Exhaust System
Affects a plane’s performance and the safety of passengers. It works by keeping combustion by-products away from the engine while indirectly providing a heat source for the cabin and carburetor.
Turbo Fan Engine
A jet engine variant which produces thrust using a combination of jet core efflux and bypass air which has been accelerated by a ducted fan that is driven by the jet core.
(Like in the video in class with the cartoon water particles going through the turbo)
Turbo Jet
A jet engine which produces all of its thrust by ejecting a high energy gas stream from the engine exhaust nozzle.
Selector Valve
It allows the pilot to choose which tank is feeding fuel to the engine
(Your aircraft’s fuel system delivers a steady flow of fuel from the tanks to the engine and are either gravity fed or employ fuel pumps)
Sequence Valve
Controls the sequential operation of multiple actuators
(An actuator that diverts the medium to another part of the system to execute the next command in the programmed sequence.)
Shuttle Valve
Allows pressure in a line to be obtained from alternative sources
(It’s primarily a pneumatic device and is rarely found in hydraulic circuits. Construction is very simple and consists of a ball inside a cylinder)
