Physics Terms Flashcards
Matter
Any substance that has mass and takes up space
Mass
A measure of quantity of matter in an object
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together
Weight
A measure of the pull of gravity acting on the mass of an object
Impenetrability
No two objects that can occupy the same place at the same time
Density
The weight of a substance per unit volume OR A measure of how compact the mass is in a substance or object
Specific Gravity
The ratio of the mass of a solid or liquid to the mass of an equal volume of water
SG of water is 1.000
SG of Air is 1.000
Hydrometer
An instrument used to determine/measure the Specific Gravity of liquids
Energy
Something that gives us the capacity
Potential Energy
Energy that is stored/at rest
Example: Your phone on the table
Kinetic Energy
Energy due to motion
Example: An airplane rolling down the runway
Force
The intensity of an impetus, or the intensity of an input (The amount of pressure given to an area)
Work
The amount of energy transferred by force (A force acting through a distance)
Friction
The action of one surface or object rubbing against another
Static Friction (Starting Friction)
A force that keeps an object at rest
Example: A book sitting on a table
Sliding Friction
The resistance created by any 2 objects when sliding against each other
Example: Sledding or a car sliding on ice
Rolling Friction
The frictional force that occurs when one object rolls on another
BTU (British Thermal Unit)
A unit measurement for heat and is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit
BTU is capable of 778 ft-lb of work
Power
The rate at which an aircraft transfers energy or does work
(How long it takes to accomplish the work)
Horsepower
A measure of power equal to 550 foot-pounds per second or 33,000 foot-pounds per minute and 746 watts
Torque
The force that causes an object to rotate around an axis
(This causes twisting)
Simple Machines
The most basic machines with few parts that can modify motion and force to perform work
Screws hold assemblies together.
Pulleys that transmit power to.
Levers that actuate different assemblies and components.
Mechanical Advantage
A ratio of the output force to the input force of a simple machine (A comparison)
The Lever
The simplest machine that uses a beam.
There are 3 basic parts in all levers, Fulcrum, Effort, Resistance (Load)