Physics SLOPS Flashcards
What is the equation linking kinetic energy, mass and velocity
Kinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x velocity2 (Ek= 0.5mv2)
what are the units of energy
Joules
J
what are the units of mass
kilograms
kg
what are the units of velocity
metres per second
m/s
What is the equation linking gravitational field strength, gravitational potential energy and height
GPE = mass x height x gravity
What are the units of gravitational field strength?
Newtons per kilogram
Which equation links current (I), power (P) and resistance (R)?
P= I squared x R
which equation links charge flow (Q), energy (E) and potential difference (V)?
E= QV
define irradiation
exposure of a radioactive substance
what are the health risks to a person working close to a source of nuclear radiation
cancer or tumours
mutation
radiation poisoning
when was the electron discovered
1897
when was the neutron discovered
1932
when was the nucleus discovered
1911
when was the proton discovered
1920
what is a scalar quantity
a quantity with magnitude only
what is a vector quantity
a quantity with magnitude and direction
what is a force
a force is a push or a pull that acts on an object
what is a contact force
when objects are physically touching
what is a non-contact force
when objects are physically separated
examples of contact forces:
friction
air resistance
tension
and normal contact forces
examples of non-contact forces:
gravitational
magnetic
electrostatic
nuclear
all forces are ………….. quantities
vector
true or false
forces are vector quantities
true
they have magnitude and direction
what is the unit for mass
kg
kilograms
work done =
force x distance
W= Fs
unit for work done
Joules
J
unit for force
Newtons
N
unit for distance
Metres
M
what force opposes motion
friction
what do all waves transfer
energy
what causes a wave
a vibration
what is the definition of a transverse wave
the vibration causing a transverse wave is PERPENDICULAR to the direction of travel of the wave
what is the definition of a longitudinal wave
the vibration causing a longitudinal wave is PARALLEL to the direction of travel of the wave
3 examples of longitudinal waves:
sound
ultrasound
primary earthquakes
((P)waves
3 examples of transverse waves:
water waves
all EM waves
secondary earthquakes
((S) waves
what is a compression
when particles in a longitudinal wave are closest together
what is a rarefaction
when particles in a longitudinal wave a furthest apart
what is the amplitude
the amplitude is the maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position
what is the wavelength
the wavelength is the distance from a point on one wave to the same point on the next wave
what is the frequency
is the number of waves passing a point each second
what are the units of wave speed
m/s
what are the units of wavelength
m
what are the units of frequency
Hz
what is the wave speed equation
v = f x λ
wave speed = frequency x wavelength
what speed do all EM waves travel at
300,000,000 m/s
what speed does sound travel at
330 m/s
what happens when light travels from air into a glass block
it refracts towards the normal as glass is more dense than air
what is the law of reflection
the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
what are the two types of wave
longitudinal
transverse
wavelength is the ……. between two waves
distance
amplitude is the ……. of a wave
height
the trough is the ……. of the wave
bottom
the crest is the … of a wave
top
what is a standing wave
when a clear, stable wave forms on the string
when a wave meets matter, what four things could happen
transmitted
absorbed
reflected
refracted
law of reflection is…
angle of incidence = angle of reflection
how do the particles oscillate in a transverse wave
at 90 to the direction of travel
which variable would be found by taking a photo of the ripple tank
wavelength
what is the Em radiation with the shortest wavelength
gamma
what is the EM radiation woth the longest wavelength
radio
what is the EM radiation with the highest frequency
gamma
list the EM spectrum
radio
microwave
infared radiation
visible light
ultra violet
x-rays
gamma rays
can EM waves travel through space
yes
name a use of radio waves
TV
radio transmission
name a use of microwaves
cooking food
what EM wave is used for satellite communication
microwave
name a use of IR radiation
electrical heaters
infrared cameras
name a use of visible radiation
fibre optic communications
name a use of xrays
medical imaging
name a use of gamma rays
medical treatments
what are the 8 energy stores
MICKEE NG
magnetic
internal
chemical
kinetic
elastic
electrostatic
nuclear
gravitational potential
4 energy transfers:
electric current
radiation
mechanical
heating
what are the dangers of
gamma rays
cancer
what are the dangers of
radio waves
none of
what are the dangers of
ultraviolet
skin cancer
what are the dangers of
visible
blindness
what are the dangers of
microwaves
heating of internal tissues
what are the dangers of
xrays
cancer
what are the dangers of
infared
skin burns
what does a permanent magnetic do
produces its own magnetic field
where is the magnetic force around a magnet strongest
poles of the magnet
what are the only metal that are magnetic
iron (steel)
cobalt
nickel
what sort of magnet does not have a permanent field around it
induced magnet
what is the potential difference and frequency of UK domestic electricity?
potential difference: 230V
frequency: 50 Hz
why are there step up transformers in the national grid
reduced current
reduces energy loss
increased efficiency
how can anything become positively charged
- friction between 2 insulators
- electrons move of off material
- becomes positive
shaping a wire to form a coil makes a …
solenoid
the magnetic field inside a solenoid is
strong and uniform
what are 2 advantages of using an electromagnet to sort scrap metal
it can be switched on and off
vary strength
what is the equation that links
gravitational field strength (g), mass (m) and weight (w)
weight = mass x gravity
what is the equation that links
distance, force and work done
work done= force x distance
what is the equation that links
extension, force and spring constant
force = spring constant x extension
what is the unit for
energy(E)
Joules
J
what is the unit for
Force (F)
Newtons
N
what is the unit for
Mass (m)
kilograms
kg
what is the unit for
gravitational field strength (g)
newtons per kilogram
N/kg
what is the unit for
weight
newtons
N
what 5 quantities are scalar
mass
speed
distance
density
temperature
what 6 quantities are vector
friction
acceleration
weight
momentum
velocity
displacement
what part of the EM spectrum has the shortest wavelength
gamma rays
what part of the EM spectrum has the longest wavelength
radio waves
what part of the EM spectrum has the lowest frequency
radio waves
what part of the EM spectrum has the highest frequency
gamma rays
how do you move an electron towards the nucleus
electron emits electromagnetic radiation
how do you move an electron away from the nucleus
electrons absorb electromagnetic radiation
what is Newtons 1st law
if the resultant force on an object is zero then the object will remain stationary or continue at a constant speed
what is inertia
the tendency of objects to continue in their state of rest or of uniform motion
what is Newtons 2nd law
the acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object
state the equation that links acceleration, force and mass
force = mass x acceleration
what is Newtons 3rd law
whenever two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are EQUAL AND OPPOSITE
what is thinking distance
the distance the vehicle travels during the drivers reaction time
what is braking distance
the distance it travels under the braking force
what is the stopping distance
the sum of the thinking and braking distance
what factors can affect a person’s thinking distance
tiredness
drugs
alcohol
distraction
what factors can affect a persons braking distance
tiredness
condition of brakes
road surface
ice or water on the road
state the equation for momentum
momentum = mass x velocity
what is the typical speed for walking
1.5 m/s
what is the typical speed for running
3 m/s
what is the typical speed for cycling
6 m/s
how do you calculate the speed of an object from a distance time graph
find the gradient
how do you calculate the distance travelled from a speed time graph
find the area under the line of the graph
why does an object reach terminal velocity
an object speeds up, the resistive forces increase until the forces on the object become balanced.
when the resultant force is zero the object travels at a constant speed
describe the difference between distance and displacement
distance is how far an object moves (doesn’t involve direction)
displacement is how far an object moves in a specific direction from start to finish
what 3 ways can you increase the strength of an electromagnet
increase the current
increase the number of coils
add an iron coil
what is a resultant force
a single force that has the same effect as all the the original forces acting together
