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Jasmines class > Physics SLOPS > Flashcards

Physics SLOPS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation linking kinetic energy, mass and velocity

A

Kinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x velocity2 (Ek= 0.5mv2)

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2
Q

what are the units of energy

A

Joules
J

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3
Q

what are the units of mass

A

kilograms
kg

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4
Q

what are the units of velocity

A

metres per second
m/s

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5
Q

What is the equation linking gravitational field strength, gravitational potential energy and height

A

GPE = mass x height x gravity

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6
Q

What are the units of gravitational field strength?

A

Newtons per kilogram

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7
Q

Which equation links current (I), power (P) and resistance (R)?

A

P= I squared x R

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8
Q

which equation links charge flow (Q), energy (E) and potential difference (V)?

A

E= QV

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9
Q

define irradiation

A

exposure of a radioactive substance

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10
Q

what are the health risks to a person working close to a source of nuclear radiation

A

cancer or tumours
mutation
radiation poisoning

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11
Q

when was the electron discovered

A

1897

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12
Q

when was the neutron discovered

A

1932

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13
Q

when was the nucleus discovered

A

1911

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14
Q

when was the proton discovered

A

1920

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15
Q

what is a scalar quantity

A

a quantity with magnitude only

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16
Q

what is a vector quantity

A

a quantity with magnitude and direction

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17
Q

what is a force

A

a force is a push or a pull that acts on an object

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18
Q

what is a contact force

A

when objects are physically touching

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19
Q

what is a non-contact force

A

when objects are physically separated

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20
Q

examples of contact forces:

A

friction
air resistance
tension
and normal contact forces

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21
Q

examples of non-contact forces:

A

gravitational
magnetic
electrostatic
nuclear

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22
Q

all forces are ………….. quantities

A

vector

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23
Q

true or false
forces are vector quantities

A

true
they have magnitude and direction

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24
Q

what is the unit for mass

A

kg
kilograms

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25
Q

work done =

A

force x distance
W= Fs

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26
Q

unit for work done

A

Joules
J

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27
Q

unit for force

A

Newtons
N

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28
Q

unit for distance

A

Metres
M

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29
Q

what force opposes motion

A

friction

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30
Q

what do all waves transfer

A

energy

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31
Q

what causes a wave

A

a vibration

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32
Q

what is the definition of a transverse wave

A

the vibration causing a transverse wave is PERPENDICULAR to the direction of travel of the wave

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33
Q

what is the definition of a longitudinal wave

A

the vibration causing a longitudinal wave is PARALLEL to the direction of travel of the wave

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34
Q

3 examples of longitudinal waves:

A

sound
ultrasound
primary earthquakes
((P)waves

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35
Q

3 examples of transverse waves:

A

water waves
all EM waves
secondary earthquakes
((S) waves

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36
Q

what is a compression

A

when particles in a longitudinal wave are closest together

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37
Q

what is a rarefaction

A

when particles in a longitudinal wave a furthest apart

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38
Q

what is the amplitude

A

the amplitude is the maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position

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39
Q

what is the wavelength

A

the wavelength is the distance from a point on one wave to the same point on the next wave

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40
Q

what is the frequency

A

is the number of waves passing a point each second

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41
Q

what are the units of wave speed

A

m/s

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42
Q

what are the units of wavelength

A

m

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43
Q

what are the units of frequency

A

Hz

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44
Q

what is the wave speed equation

A

v = f x λ
wave speed = frequency x wavelength

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45
Q

what speed do all EM waves travel at

A

300,000,000 m/s

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46
Q

what speed does sound travel at

A

330 m/s

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47
Q

what happens when light travels from air into a glass block

A

it refracts towards the normal as glass is more dense than air

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48
Q

what is the law of reflection

A

the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

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49
Q

what are the two types of wave

A

longitudinal
transverse

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50
Q

wavelength is the ……. between two waves

A

distance

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51
Q

amplitude is the ……. of a wave

A

height

52
Q

the trough is the ……. of the wave

A

bottom

53
Q

the crest is the … of a wave

A

top

54
Q

what is a standing wave

A

when a clear, stable wave forms on the string

55
Q

when a wave meets matter, what four things could happen

A

transmitted
absorbed
reflected
refracted

56
Q

law of reflection is…

A

angle of incidence = angle of reflection

57
Q

how do the particles oscillate in a transverse wave

A

at 90 to the direction of travel

58
Q

which variable would be found by taking a photo of the ripple tank

A

wavelength

59
Q

what is the Em radiation with the shortest wavelength

A

gamma

60
Q

what is the EM radiation woth the longest wavelength

A

radio

61
Q

what is the EM radiation with the highest frequency

A

gamma

62
Q

list the EM spectrum

A

radio
microwave
infared radiation
visible light
ultra violet
x-rays
gamma rays

63
Q

can EM waves travel through space

A

yes

64
Q

name a use of radio waves

A

TV
radio transmission

65
Q

name a use of microwaves

A

cooking food

66
Q

what EM wave is used for satellite communication

A

microwave

67
Q

name a use of IR radiation

A

electrical heaters
infrared cameras

68
Q

name a use of visible radiation

A

fibre optic communications

69
Q

name a use of xrays

A

medical imaging

70
Q

name a use of gamma rays

A

medical treatments

71
Q

what are the 8 energy stores

A

MICKEE NG

magnetic
internal
chemical
kinetic
elastic
electrostatic
nuclear
gravitational potential

72
Q

4 energy transfers:

A

electric current
radiation
mechanical
heating

73
Q

what are the dangers of
gamma rays

A

cancer

74
Q

what are the dangers of
radio waves

A

none of

75
Q

what are the dangers of
ultraviolet

A

skin cancer

76
Q

what are the dangers of
visible

A

blindness

77
Q

what are the dangers of
microwaves

A

heating of internal tissues

78
Q

what are the dangers of
xrays

A

cancer

79
Q

what are the dangers of
infared

A

skin burns

80
Q

what does a permanent magnetic do

A

produces its own magnetic field

81
Q

where is the magnetic force around a magnet strongest

A

poles of the magnet

82
Q

what are the only metal that are magnetic

A

iron (steel)
cobalt
nickel

83
Q

what sort of magnet does not have a permanent field around it

A

induced magnet

84
Q

what is the potential difference and frequency of UK domestic electricity?

A

potential difference: 230V
frequency: 50 Hz

85
Q

why are there step up transformers in the national grid

A

reduced current
reduces energy loss
increased efficiency

86
Q

how can anything become positively charged

A
  1. friction between 2 insulators
  2. electrons move of off material
  3. becomes positive
87
Q

shaping a wire to form a coil makes a …

A

solenoid

88
Q

the magnetic field inside a solenoid is

A

strong and uniform

89
Q

what are 2 advantages of using an electromagnet to sort scrap metal

A

it can be switched on and off
vary strength

90
Q

what is the equation that links
gravitational field strength (g), mass (m) and weight (w)

A

weight = mass x gravity

91
Q

what is the equation that links
distance, force and work done

A

work done= force x distance

92
Q

what is the equation that links
extension, force and spring constant

A

force = spring constant x extension

93
Q

what is the unit for
energy(E)

A

Joules
J

94
Q

what is the unit for
Force (F)

A

Newtons
N

95
Q

what is the unit for
Mass (m)

A

kilograms
kg

96
Q

what is the unit for
gravitational field strength (g)

A

newtons per kilogram
N/kg

97
Q

what is the unit for
weight

A

newtons
N

98
Q

what 5 quantities are scalar

A

mass
speed
distance
density
temperature

99
Q

what 6 quantities are vector

A

friction
acceleration
weight
momentum
velocity
displacement

100
Q

what part of the EM spectrum has the shortest wavelength

A

gamma rays

101
Q

what part of the EM spectrum has the longest wavelength

A

radio waves

102
Q

what part of the EM spectrum has the lowest frequency

A

radio waves

103
Q

what part of the EM spectrum has the highest frequency

A

gamma rays

104
Q

how do you move an electron towards the nucleus

A

electron emits electromagnetic radiation

105
Q

how do you move an electron away from the nucleus

A

electrons absorb electromagnetic radiation

106
Q

what is Newtons 1st law

A

if the resultant force on an object is zero then the object will remain stationary or continue at a constant speed

107
Q

what is inertia

A

the tendency of objects to continue in their state of rest or of uniform motion

108
Q

what is Newtons 2nd law

A

the acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object

109
Q

state the equation that links acceleration, force and mass

A

force = mass x acceleration

110
Q

what is Newtons 3rd law

A

whenever two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are EQUAL AND OPPOSITE

111
Q

what is thinking distance

A

the distance the vehicle travels during the drivers reaction time

112
Q

what is braking distance

A

the distance it travels under the braking force

113
Q

what is the stopping distance

A

the sum of the thinking and braking distance

114
Q

what factors can affect a person’s thinking distance

A

tiredness
drugs
alcohol
distraction

115
Q

what factors can affect a persons braking distance

A

tiredness
condition of brakes
road surface
ice or water on the road

116
Q

state the equation for momentum

A

momentum = mass x velocity

117
Q

what is the typical speed for walking

A

1.5 m/s

118
Q

what is the typical speed for running

A

3 m/s

119
Q

what is the typical speed for cycling

A

6 m/s

120
Q

how do you calculate the speed of an object from a distance time graph

A

find the gradient

121
Q

how do you calculate the distance travelled from a speed time graph

A

find the area under the line of the graph

122
Q

why does an object reach terminal velocity

A

an object speeds up, the resistive forces increase until the forces on the object become balanced.
when the resultant force is zero the object travels at a constant speed

123
Q

describe the difference between distance and displacement

A

distance is how far an object moves (doesn’t involve direction)
displacement is how far an object moves in a specific direction from start to finish

124
Q

what 3 ways can you increase the strength of an electromagnet

A

increase the current
increase the number of coils
add an iron coil

125
Q

what is a resultant force

A

a single force that has the same effect as all the the original forces acting together

Jasmines class (6 decks)

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