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Year 9 EOY Revision > Physics Revision > Flashcards

Physics Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What are forces?

A

Forces are pushes and pulls.

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2
Q

How do you draw forces?

A

We draw forces with arrows showing the direction of the force. The bigger the arrow the larger the force.

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3
Q

What is a free body diagram?

A

A free body diagram shows all the forces acting on a object.

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4
Q

What do you do if there is more than force in one direction?

A

You add them up

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5
Q

What happens to forces in opposite directions?

A

Forces in opposite direction partially or completely cancel out.

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6
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

The resultant force is the overall force.

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7
Q

Give a description of tension.

A

Any contact pull; where you are touching the thing you are pulling.

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8
Q

Give a description of thrust.

A

Any contact push; where you are touching the thing you are pushing.

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9
Q

What is weight?

A

The pull of gravity.

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10
Q

What is friction?

A

A force that slows down an object as it rubs past.

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11
Q

What is drag?

A

The friction force when an object moves through water.

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12
Q

What is air resistance?

A

A friction force when an object moves through air.

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13
Q

What is upthrust?

A

The upward force causing an object to float

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14
Q

What is lift?

A

The push on a wing as it moves through air/water/etc.

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15
Q

What is the difference between mass and weight?

A

Mass is how much you are made of - measure in Kg (it doesn’t change when you move to a different place).
Weight is the force of gravity pulling you down - measure in N (it changes depending which planet you are on).

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16
Q

What is the equation for working out weight on different planets?

A

Mass(Kg) x Gravitational field strength(N/Kg) = Weight(N)

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17
Q

What is Newton’s second law of motion?

A

For an external applied force, the change in velocity depends on the mass of the object. This can be mathematically expressed as F=M x A

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18
Q

What does velocity equal?

A

Velocity = Speed with direction (it is a vector)

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19
Q

What is acceleration and how is it measured?

A

Acceleration is a measure of how quickly your speed is changing. It is measured in m/s^2.

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20
Q

What does acceleration depend on?

A

It depends on the mass of an object and the force applied to it.

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21
Q

What is the equation for mass, acceleration and force.

A

Mass=Force/Acceleration
Acceleration=Force/Mass
Force=Mass x Acceleration.

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22
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

Terminal velocity is the constant speed that a free falling object eventually reaches when the resistance of the medium through which it is falling prevents further acceleration.

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23
Q

Describe the forces in terminal velocity.

A

Upwards and downwards forces are equally balanced, therefore there is no change in speed.

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24
Q

How us the speed of terminal velocity determined?

A

The actual speed of terminal velocity is determined by gravity.

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25
Q

What is the equation for speed?

A

Speed=Distance/Time

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26
Q

Which is denser, pure water or salt water?

A

Salt water.

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27
Q

What is the equation for density? And what are its units?

A

Density=Mass/Volume

Kg/m^3
g/cm^3

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28
Q

What is pure water’s density?

A

1000 Kg/m^3

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29
Q

How else can density be worked out?

A

Using particle arrangement diagrams.

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30
Q

What is a plimsole line?

A

A plimsole line is a reference mark located on a ships hull that indicates the maximum depth which the vessel may be safely immersed when loaded with cargo. This dory varies according to the shoos dimensions?

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31
Q

What is upthrust?

A

Upthrust is when an object is submerged in a fluid (gas or liquid) the pressure exerts a force on the object in all directions.

The pressure increases with depth so the force on the bottom of the object is greater than the force on the top of the object.

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32
Q

What was Archimedes’ Principle?

A

The size of the upthrust force is equal to their weight of displaced fluid.

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33
Q

What is a moment?

A

A moment is the turning effect of a force around a fixed point known as a pivot.

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34
Q

What does the size of a moment depend on?

A

The size of the force applied and the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force.

35
Q

What are moment measured in?

A

Newton Metres (Nm)

36
Q

How can moments be calculated?

A

Moment=Force x Distance

37
Q

What is the ‘Limit of Proportionality’?

A

Where the extension of the spring stops being proportional to the force.

38
Q

What is the ‘Elastic Limit’?

A

Where the spring stops distorting elastically and begins to disort in elastically

39
Q

What is Hookes Law?

A

The extension of the spring is directly proportional to the force applied. i.e. There is a linear relationship between force and extension.

40
Q

How do you work out forces with springs?

A

Force=Spring constant x extension

41
Q

What does the driving wheel do in gears and what is the load?

A

The driving wheel does the ‘effort’.

The wheel being driven is the ‘load’.

42
Q

What happens if a small wheel drives a larger wheel?

A

If a small wheel drives a larger wheel, it will result in slower dipped but more force.

43
Q

What happens if a large wheel drives a smaller wheel?

A

If a large shell drives a smaller wheel it will result in more speed but less force.

44
Q

What happens when a bike goes up and down a hill?

A

Up: Small wheel driving a larger wheel.
Down: Large wheel driving a smaller wheel.

45
Q

Hat is all matter made up of?

A

Particles

46
Q

What determines the state of things?

A

The behaviour of particles?

47
Q

Describe a particle arrangement for gas.

A

Flowing fast and freely in a lot of space as they have a lot of energy.

48
Q

Describe a particle arrangement for liquid.

A

Liquid particles are much closer together and do not flow as freely. This is because they have less energy than gas.

49
Q

Describe a particle arrangement for solids.

A

Solid particles are aligned in a rectangular formation and do not flow, only vibrating. They have less energy than a liquid.

50
Q

Describe a particle arrangement for plasma.

A

Plasma particles are very widely s spread out and move very freely and fast. This is because they have more energy than gas.

51
Q

What is:

Condensation, Freezing, Evaporation, Melting, Deposition and Sublimation.

A

Gas to Liquid, Liquid to Solid, Liquid to Gas, Solid to Liquid, Gas to Solid, Solid to Gas.

52
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

Specific heat capacity is the number of joules of heat energy you need to cause the temperature of 1kg of a material to rise by 1 degree centigrade.

53
Q

What happens if you put the same amount of heat energy into 2 different objects?

A

Putting the same amount of heat into some materials gives a bigger temperature rise than in other materials.

54
Q

Why doesn’t water heat as quickly as sand?

A

Water doesn’t heat as quickly as sand because sand is a solid and in a solid the particles are close together so energy can transfer easily.

55
Q

What is the equation for specific heat capacity?

A

Specific heat capacity= Number of Joules/Number of Kg of mass x Number of degrees of temperature change.

56
Q

What does matter with a low heat capacity require?

A

Less energy to raise the temperature.

57
Q

What does matter with a high heat capacity require?

A

A lot of energy to raise the temperature.

58
Q

What is electricity?

A

Electricity is a form of energy due to the existence of charged particles, either statically as a charge or dynamically as a current.

59
Q

What is voltage?

A

Voltage is a measure of the difference in electrical energy between two sections of a circuit.

60
Q

What is resistance?

A

Resistance is measured in ohms. The moving electrons can sometimes collide with the atoms of the conductor, causing resistance.

61
Q

What are the differences between a series and parallel circuit?

A

In a series circuit, the current flows all the way around but in a parallel it can flow straight down or to the bulbs. In a parallel circuit, it doesn’t matter is a bulb blows because the current can just flow past.

62
Q

What is the specific heat capacity of water?

A

4100 J/Kg^C

63
Q

What is latent heat capacity?

A

Latent heat capacity is how much heat is released by a substance when changing state per kilogram.

64
Q

What is the equation for latent heat capacity?

A

Latent heat capacity= Heat energy / Mass

65
Q

What do waves need?

A

A form of oscillation vibration.

66
Q

What do waves do?

A

Waves transfer energy from place to place, not moving matter.

67
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

A transverse weave is when energy is being transferred from left to right, moving up and down.

68
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

A longitudinal Waves is when waves move left and right in collective bands.

69
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The height of the wave peak.

70
Q

What is the wavelength and what is the equation?

A

The distance between two peaks or trophs.

Wavelength= Velocity / Frequency

71
Q

What is frequency and what is the equation?

A

The number of wavelength that goes past a particular point per second.

Frequency= Velocity / Wavelength

72
Q

What is velocity and what is the equation?

A

Velocity is the speed of a wave.

Velocity= Frequency x Wavelength

73
Q

What is the equation for waves speed?

A

Wave speed= Distance / Time

74
Q

Describe electro magnetic waves.

A

Electro-magnetic waves are the only waves that can ass through a vacuum.
All electro-magnetic waves are transverse waves.

75
Q

Describe radio waves.

A

Frequency: 10^4 Hz to 10^12 Hz.
Long distance waves for communication (TV and Radio).
Lower frequency and longer wavelength than microwaves.
Frequency modulation (FM).
Amplitude modulation (AM).

76
Q

Describe microwaves.

A

Low wavelength: -0.001cm to 100cm
Frequency: 1^9 Hz to 1^12 Hz
Heat up the water molecules in food.
Can hat up body tissue, causing minor injuries.
In 1864, James Maxwell predicted their existence.

77
Q

Describe x-rays.

A 
An energetic form of waves.
Passing currents between electrodes.
Used for x-rays in hospitals.
Wavelength: 0.01 to 10 nanometers.
Frequency: 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz.
Can burn, cause deformed limbs and cancer.
78
Q

Describe infrared radiation.

A

All objects omit infrared - the hotter the object, the more it omits.
It can pass through a vacuum.
Type of electromagnetic radiation.
Used in cooking security lights, remote controls.

79
Q

Describe UV rays.

A

Can lead to skin cancer - sunburn and tanning.
Skin can age.
They burn holes in the ozone layer.
Sterilising medical equipment.

80
Q

What are sound waves?

A

Sound waves are longitudinal waves that must pass through a medium like air or water. Echoes are reflections of sound waves.

81
Q

How do sound waves travel?

A

Sound waves travelling through air are longitudinal waves with compression and rarefaction. Sounds pass through air, the particles of air do not vibrate in the transverse manner.

82
Q

What are sonic booms?

A

A sonic boom is the shock waves created by an object travelling through the air faster than the speed of sound.

83
Q

What are S and P waves?

A

S and P waves are two different types of waves that are released as a result of an earthquake. Pe stands for primary and S for secondary waves. The primary waves arrive at the seismograph detector first and the secondary after.

Year 9 EOY Revision (5 decks)

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