PHYSICS PART 2

Question 1

what are the exposures to radiation

Answer 1

man-made & natural environmental radiation

Question 2

NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION - results in an annual dose of
approximately _____________

Answer 2

300 mrem

Question 3

3 components of natural environmental radiation

Answer 3

cosmic ray
terrestrial radiation
internally deposited radionuclides

Question 4

MAN-MADE RADIATION - results in approximately ___________

Answer 4

60 mrem

Question 5

origin of xrays

Answer 5

electron cloud

Question 6

origin of gamma rays

Answer 6

radioactive nuclei

Question 7

– Radiation that is capable of ionization

Answer 7

ionizing radiation

Question 8

radiation that is capable of excitation only that can be found at long wavelength of EM Spectrum

Answer 8

non-ionizing radiation

Question 9

spontaneous emission of particles (alpha,
beta) or radiation (gamma, k capture) when an unstable nuclide transform into stable nuclide;

Answer 9

radioactivity

Question 10

this never reaches to 0 because of physics half life

Answer 10

radioactivity

Question 11

process by which the nucleus spontaneously emits particles and energy and transform itself into another atom to reach stability

Answer 11

radioactive disintegration

Question 12

naturally occurring process whereby an
unstable atomic nucleus relieves its instability through the emission of one or more energetic particles

Answer 12

radioactive decay

Question 13

time required for the quantity of radioactive materials to be reduced to one half from original activity

Answer 13

physical half life/ radioactive half life

Question 14

time required for the body or organ to reduce by 50% of the administered dosage for any radioactive substance by regular process of elimination

Answer 14

biological half life

Question 15

time required for body or organ to eliminate 50% of the administered dosage of radioactive material by combined process of radioactive decay and biologic elimination

Answer 15

effective half life

Question 16

2 categories of radioactivity

Answer 16

natural & artificial

Question 17

a kind of radioactivity wherein the substance already has radioactivity in the natural state

Answer 17

natural radioactivity

Question 18

a kind of radioactivity wherein the radioactivity has been induced by radiation.

Answer 18

artificial radioactivity

Question 19

causes of radioactivity

Answer 19

1. Too many protons
2. Too many neutrons
3. Combination of both

Question 20

Old unit of radioactivity; is defined as the
quantity of any radioactive nuclide

Answer 20

Curie (Ci)

Question 21

S.I. of radioactivity; is defined as one
(1) disintegration per second

Answer 21

Becquerel

Question 22

1 mCi = ______ Bq

Answer 22

3.7x10^7 BQ = 37 MBq

Question 23

He stated that Radium emits radiation and changes into another element, Radon – radioactive decay

Answer 23

Frederick Soddy (1900)

Question 24

Mode of radioactive decay wherein it Occurs in heavy nuclide

Answer 24

alpha decay

Question 25

In alpha decay there is a loss of ______ units of atomic mass no and _____ units of atomic no

Answer 25

4,2

Question 26

In this decay, Neutron converted to proton
* Increased of atomic no. by 1

Answer 26

beta minus emission decay

Question 27

In this decay, Proton converted to neutron
* An increased of 1 neutron

Answer 27

beta plus emission decay

Question 28

Occurs in heavy nuclide
* The nucleus absorbed one of its orbitals
electrons
* Electron converted to neutron

Answer 28

ELECTRON CAPTURE OR K-CAPTURE